Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs

Which of the following are the body's natural anticoagulants?

[blank_start]Heparin[blank_end] is an anticoagulant drug which binds to one of the body's naturally occurring anticoagulants and up-regulates its action

Which naturally occurring anticoagulant of the body does Heparin bind to and potentiate? [blank_start]Antithrombin[blank_end]

Which two coagulation factors can be inhibited by unfractioned Heparin bound to antithrombin?

The difference between unfractioned Heparin and LMWH is that LMWH can only bind to one clotting factor, which is...

Which monitoring test should be used to measure the action of unfractioned Heparin?

Heparin can induce thrombocytopenia with thrombosis in long term use.

Which of the following complications can be caused by long term Heparin use?

Whilst Heparin reversal is usually conducted by simply stopping the heparin (short half life), in cases of major bleeding which drug can be given to reverse the antithrombin effect of heparin?

Warfarin is an anticoagulant which brings about the inhibition of [blank_start]Vitamin K[blank_end]

Which clotting factors rely on Vitamin K for carboxylation?

Warfarin administration should be conducted at the same time every day.

Which testing method is used to measure the amount of Warfarin in an individual's system? (use acronym) [blank_start]INR[blank_end]

A normal INR is typically between

Which two of the following should be given to a patient with suspect Warfarin toxicity?

Rivaroxaban & Apixaban are direct inhibitors of which clotting factor?

Dabigatran is another type of new anticoagulant, providing direct inhibition of ...

In prophylaxis of elective hip/knee replacement surgery, which would be the most appropriate choice of medication?

Structure of an artery from deep to superficial: Tunica Intima = [blank_start]Endothelial Cells[blank_end] Tunica Media = [blank_start]Smooth Muscle[blank_end] Tunica Externa = [blank_start]Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue[blank_end] Serosa = [blank_start]Epithelial Cells[blank_end]

Atherosclerosis is damage to the endothelium resulting in plaque formation due to recruitment of 'foamy' [blank_start]macrophages[blank_end] which are rich in [blank_start]cholesterol[blank_end]

Which four of the following are risk factors for arterial thrombosis?

When there is endothelial damage, platelets bind to the subendothelial collagen via [blank_start]Glycoprotein 1b[blank_end] and [blank_start]Von Willebrand Factor[blank_end]

After binding to the subendothelial collagen, platelets begin to attach to each other via [blank_start]Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa[blank_end] and fibrinogen

Antiplatelet drugs: Clopidogrel = [blank_start]ADP receptor Antagonist[blank_end] Aspirin = [blank_start]Cyclo-Oxygenase Inhibitor[blank_end]

Antiplatelets such as Abciximab inhibit [blank_start]Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa[blank_end] thus inhibiting the [blank_start]aggregation[blank_end] stage of platelet plug formation

Antiplatelet agents should be stopped [blank_start]7[blank_end] days prior to an elective operation.