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PHIL 1010 Final Review Part 2

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Includes questions from exam 3, 4 and the final
Danielle Easton
Quiz por Danielle Easton, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Danielle Easton
Criado por Danielle Easton mais de 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Berkeley was a rationalist
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 2

Questão
Which of the following claims does Locke believe?
Responda
  • All knowledge comes through experience.
  • All experience is experience of ideas.
  • All knowledge is knowledge is knowledge of ideas
  • All of the above.

Questão 3

Questão
Locke believed that our ideas are caused by a material world,
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 4

Questão
Berkeley believed that our ideas are caused by the material world.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 5

Questão
According to Locke, our ideas of primary qualities correctly represent the material world
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 6

Questão
According to Berkeley, if empiricism is correct, we could never know if our ideas correctly represent the world.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 7

Questão
Berkeley rejects the material world because he believes that material weath is the root of all evil.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 8

Questão
"Esse est percipi " means
Responda
  • I think therefore I am.
  • To be or not to be.
  • We are born a blank slate.
  • To be is to be perceived.

Questão 9

Questão
According to Berkeley,
Responda
  • Ideas of primary qualities are nothing but interpretations of ideas of secondary qualities.
  • The assumption that material substances exist leads to skepticism.
  • Only the mental world exists.
  • All of the above.

Questão 10

Questão
According to Berkeley, what we call physical objects are nothing but bundles of ideas.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 11

Questão
According to Hume, there are two kinds of perceptions. He calls them
Responda
  • rationalism and empiricism.
  • impressions and ideas
  • relations of ideas and matters of fact.
  • primary qualities and secondary qualities.

Questão 12

Questão
One difference between impressions and ideas is that
Responda
  • ideas are copies of impressions.
  • impressions are copies of ideas.
  • There is no difference between the two. Both are copied from a material substratum.

Questão 13

Questão
According to Hume, if a term cannot be traced back to an impression,
Responda
  • it has no meaning.
  • it is false.
  • it must be believed by faith.
  • None of the above.

Questão 14

Questão
Which of the following is a relation of ideas?
Responda
  • Murder causes pain.
  • Barking dogs bark.
  • All emerelds are green.
  • God loves everyone.

Questão 15

Questão
Which of the following is a matter of fact in Hume's sense?
Responda
  • All bachelors are unmarried.
  • The earth is flat, not round
  • All triangles have four sides.
  • None of the above are matters of fact in Hume's sense.

Questão 16

Questão
Relations of ideas concern apriori reasoning found only in philosophy while matters of fact concern the aposteriori reasoning found only in the scientific method.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 17

Questão
If a statement is knowable apriori, it can be known with certainty apart from experience, according to Hume
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 18

Questão
According to Hume, our ideas of causality and induction can be traced back to impressions produced by the world upon our senses and to the feelings we experience.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
According to Hume, our ideas of causation and induction, are derived from reason alone, not experience.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 20

Questão
According to Hume, apriori claims are meaningless.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
Because Descartes held that the self is a thinking thing, the Cartesian View is also known as the Psychological View of personal identity.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 22

Questão
On Locke's view, personal identity consists in sameness of substance.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 23

Questão
Derek Parfit believes we can survive in a different body, even if nothing of the original body remains, even the brain.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
According to Parfit,
Responda
  • A person can survive in a different body if that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.
  • A person can survive in a different body if half that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.
  • A person can survive in a different body if both halves of that person's brain are transplanted into different bodies.
  • All of the above

Questão 25

Questão
According to Parfit, everything that matters in a person's survival can be preserved, even if half of a person's brain is transplanted into two different bodies.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 26

Questão
According to Parfit, personal identity is not what matters in a person's existence through time.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
According to Lent, the major problem with Parfit's view is
Responda
  • that it ignores the soul
  • that it ignores relations among mental events, such as the relation between an experience and the subsequent memory of that experience.
  • that Parfit uses imaginary cases that can't possibly happen.
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Questão 28

Questão
When Lent says love is historical, he means that it goes back to ancient times.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 29

Questão
According to Parfit, one person can be identical to two persons who are not identical to each other.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 30

Questão
According to Hume,
Responda
  • the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences.
  • the self does not exist.
  • The self is nothing but a bundle of experiences plus a something I know not what to support the bundle.
  • All of the above.

Questão 31

Questão
Both atheists and agnostics deny that God exists.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 32

Questão
Agnosticism regarding God's existence (or agnosticism on anything else) means that one does not know one way or the other.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 33

Questão
Agnosticism may be weak agnosticism, such as when I claim to be agnostic on the matter of the origin of the British monarchy. While I don't presently know, such knowledge may be available to me and I may come to know. In that case, my agnosticism is weak agnosticism.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 34

Questão
Agnosticism may be strong, such as when I insist that not only do I not know whether the number of stars in the universe is odd or even, you don't know either. Indeed, it cannot be known. This is a strong form of agnosticism.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 35

Questão
Theism is the belief that God exists.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 36

Questão
God is said to be omnipotent. That means he can make a rock so big that even he cannot lift it.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 37

Questão
God is said to be omniscient. That means that God is all powerful.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 38

Questão
God is said to be omni-benevolent. That means God is morally perfect.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
God is said to be a person. That means that God is a human.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
God is said to have created the world ex nihilo. That means that God created the world for no reason at all
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 41

Questão
God is said to have necessary existence. That means it is impossible for God not to exist.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 42

Questão
The title of the famous work by Bertrand Russell we read in class is, "Why Atheism is True."
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 43

Questão
Russell considers several definitions of the word "Christian." Which definition does Russell believe is the relevant one?
Responda
  • The geographical sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who is a citizen of a Christian nation.
  • The moral sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who tries to live a good life.
  • Russell means "Christian" in both the geographical sense and the moral sense when he explains why he is not a Christian.
  • None of the above.

Questão 44

Questão
Russell does not believe that Jesus is God, even though he believes that Jesus is the best and wisest of men.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 45

Questão
According to Russell, it is doubtful that Jesus even existed and even if he did, we know hardly anything about him.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
One of the arguments for God's existence that Russell considers is the First Cause argument. Why does he reject it?
Responda
  • He thinks there is no reason why the universe can't be infinitely old.
  • He thinks that Darwin has disproved the existence of God.
  • Both of the above.
  • None of the above

Questão 47

Questão
Most scientists today agree with Russell that the universe might be infinitely old.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 48

Questão
Which of the following is not necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense?
Responda
  • A belief in hell
  • a belief that God exists
  • A belief that Jesus is the best and wisest of men
  • All of the above are necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense.

Questão 49

Questão
Russell thinks that Jesus was not the best and wisest of men because Jesus believed in hell.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
Russell believes that the future of the material universe is infinite.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 51

Questão
According to Russell, we don't need to accept the design argument since we can explain why things appear to be designed, without supposing that there is an intelligent designer.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 52

Questão
One of the arguments William Lane Craig gives in favor of God's existence is the Cosmological Argument. Another name for this argument is
Responda
  • the teleological argument.
  • the first cause argument.
  • the design argument.
  • All of the above.

Questão 53

Questão
According to Craig, the cosmological argument allows us to conclude which of the following?
Responda
  • The universe has a first cause.
  • Whatever cause the universe to exist could not have been material.
  • The first cause must have been a person.
  • All of the above.

Questão 54

Questão
According to Craig, the evidence he presents makes belief in God's existence a logical certainty.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 55

Questão
Craig believes that if Jesus rose from the dead, there is good evidence that God exists
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 56

Questão
What reason does Craig give that Jesus rose from the dead?
Responda
  • Craig says that this is the kind of thing that must be accepted by faith. Faith is the only kind of reason that is possible and the only kind that is necessary.
  • Craig gives historical evidence.
  • Craig claims to possess photographs of Jesus.
  • None of the above.

Questão 57

Questão
According to Hitchens, the burden of proof is the on the one who affirms God's existence, not on the one who denies God's existence.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 58

Questão
According to Hitchens, in order to be successful, Craig must demonstrate that God's existence is logically certain.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 59

Questão
Another name for the teleological argument is
Responda
  • the design argument.
  • the moral argument.
  • the cosmological argument.
  • None of the above.

Questão 60

Questão
In the ancient Greek world, including the Greek-speaking world when the New Testament was written, the word translated "faith" meant belief or conviction in the truth of anything, not just belief about religious matters.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 61

Questão
The problem of evil is an argument in favor of theism.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 62

Questão
Which attributes of God are said to generate the problem of evil?
Responda
  • Omnipotence and omniscience
  • Omnipotence and omnibenevolence
  • Omnibenevolence and personhood
  • None of the above

Questão 63

Questão
There are many difference versions of the cosmological argument. In addition to the one William Lane Craig uses in his debate with Christopher Hitchens, Rene Descartes uses a cosmological argument based on our idea of perfection.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 64

Questão
There is only one design argument for God's existence and that has been refuted by Darwin.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 65

Questão
If it can be demonstrated that people believe that God exists because they are afraid of death, that would prove that God does not exist.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 66

Questão
According to Craig, we have historical evidence that Jesus rose from the dead
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 67

Questão
An all-powerful being would be able to eliminate evil from the world and morally perfect being would want to. So there is no being who is all-powerful and morally perfect.
Responda
  • the cosmological argument.
  • the teleological argument.
  • the problem of evil.
  • the watchmaker argument.

Questão 68

Questão
According to Craig, if Jesus rose from the dead, we have evidence of a divine miracle, and therefore evidence of the existence of God.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 69

Questão
According to Hitchens, the god portrayed in the Bible is an immoral being.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 70

Questão
Like Russell, Hitchens doesn't think people believe in God because of the evidence.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 71

Questão
Which of the following is a not a consequentialist moral theory?
Responda
  • a. utilitarianism
  • b. egoism
  • c. kantianism
  • d. all of the above are consequentialist moral theories

Questão 72

Questão
Which of the following is a descriptive theory?
Responda
  • ethical egoism
  • deontology
  • utilitarianism
  • psychological egosim

Questão 73

Questão
Mill's primary moral principle is called The Categorical Imperative
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 74

Questão
Mill is a moral rationalist
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 75

Questão
The reason a good will is good is because it produces happiness
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 76

Questão
If a person does the right action because one is motivated by self-interest, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 77

Questão
If a person does the right action because one is motivated by benevolence, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 78

Questão
A good will in the philosophical sense, refers to the happy feeling humans experience when they do the right thing.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 79

Questão
Kant's primary moral principle is called
Responda
  • a. The Categorical Imperative
  • b. The Principle of Utility
  • c. The Ontology Maxism
  • d. None of the above

Questão 80

Questão
John Stuart Mill is
Responda
  • An empirist
  • A hedonist
  • A utilitarian
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Questão 81

Questão
A formal fallacy
Responda
  • one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument: The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet The lamp is not on Therefore there is no power in the outlet You can see by the form alone it is invalid
  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms Atoms are invisible Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Questão 82

Questão
An Informal Fallacy
Responda
  • s one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument: The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet The lamp is not on Therefore there is no power in the outlet You can see by the form alone it is invalid
  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms Atoms are invisible Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Questão 83

Questão
A False Cause fallacy
Responda
  • is committed when a writer/speaker attempts to refute another's argument by attacking the person rather than the argument.
  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
  • The fallacy that occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated Correlation does not mean causation
  • draws a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

Questão 84

Questão
Limaba claims the rich pay too much in taxes. His argument is invalid because he is rich. This is an example of what type of fallacy?
Responda
  • Hasty Generalization
  • Ad Hominem
  • Appeal to ignorance
  • Straw Man

Questão 85

Questão
Appeal to Pity:
Responda
  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
  • The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.
  • occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated
  • The Fallacy of distorting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

Questão 86

Questão
Global warming is a myth. Ohio did not have a single day in the 90's all August. Is an example of:
Responda
  • Straw Man
  • Argumentum to populum
  • Hasty Generalization
  • Begging the question

Questão 87

Questão
Appeal to ignorance occurs whenever a definite conclusion is drawn about a thing from premises that state that nothing has been proven about that thing.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 88

Questão
Straw Man is A fav device of the propagandist and the advertiser
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 89

Questão
Argumentum to populum is when an argument begs the question if it assumes what the argument tries to prove
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 90

Questão
An example of Begging the question would be:
Responda
  • Some triangles are obtuse Whatever is obtuse is ignorant Therefore, some triangles are ignorant
  • "to allow complete, unfettered freedom of speech it is advantageous to the interest of the state. For it is clearly helpful of the community to have each indv. Freely express his or her own point of view."
  • The few, the proud, the marines
  • Someone argues atheism is true, this means they know that god does not exist. In order to know that he would have to know everything that does exist and know that God is not one of those. So, in order to know atheism is true, one most be omniscient. In order to be so, one must be god. So atheism is self-contradictory.

Questão 91

Questão
An example of a Complex question would be "have you stopped beating your wife?"
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 92

Questão
Equivocation:
Responda
  • presupposes an affirmative answer to an unmasked question.
  • Occurs whenever a word or a phrase is used in at least two distinct sense in a single argument
  • The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue
  • occurs when one attempts to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing enthusiasm in the masses

Questão 93

Questão
The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue is:
Responda
  • Equivocation
  • Begging the question
  • Argumentum to populum
  • None of the above

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