Musculoskeletal Development

Question

Which of the following develop from somites?

Answer 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

Axial muscles

Answer 4

Appendicular muscles

Answer 5

Neural tube

Answer 6

Pairs of somites

Answer 7

Sclerodome

Answer 8

Caudal end

Answer 9

Rostral end

Answer 10

Superior end

Answer 11

Inferior end

Answer 12

A chemical gradient

Answer 13

The mother's hormonal levels

Answer 14

Which genes a switched on or off in each cell

Answer 15

Sclerotome

Answer 16

Sclerotome

Answer 17

Scleratome

Answer 18

Sclerotome

Answer 19

Scleratome

Answer 20

Spinal nerve formation

Answer 21

Cranial nerve formation

Answer 22

Afferent neurone formation

Answer 23

Efferent neurone formation

Answer 24

From the caudal end of one somite and the cranial end of another

Answer 25

One somite goes onto create one vertebra

Answer 26

Two somites fuse across the neural tube to form a vertebral bone

Answer 27

Somites do not go onto form vertebrae

Answer 28

Scleratome

Answer 29

Occipital bone

Answer 30

Frontal bone

Answer 31

Temporal bone

Answer 32

Sphenoid bone

Answer 33

Parietal bone

Answer 34

Spina bifida

Answer 35

Pattau's syndrome

Answer 36

Brevicollis

Answer 37

In the neural tube

Answer 38

Between the first and second somites

Answer 39

In the scleratome

Answer 40

In the developing spinal nerves

Answer 41

Nucleus pulposis of the intervertebral disc

Answer 42

Annulus fibrosis of the intervertebral disc

Answer 43

In the dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerves

Answer 44

In the lining of the ventral median fissure of the spinal cord

Answer 45

Lateral curvature of the spine

Answer 46

Reduced number of cervical vertebrae

Answer 47

Reduced number of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 48

Dorsal displacement of the spine

Answer 49

Reduced number of cervical vertebrae

Answer 50

Reduced number of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 51

Lumbar vertebrae of abnormally small size

Answer 52

Absence of a sacral bone

Answer 53

Lateral mesoderm and over-lying ectoderm

Answer 54

Medical mesoderm and ectoderm

Answer 55

Mesoderm and the ectoderm that is deep to it

Answer 56

Mesoderm only

Answer 57

House-keeping genes

Answer 58

Chemical gradients

Answer 59

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 60

Appendicular muscles

Answer 61

Axial skeleton

Answer 62

Axial muscles

Answer 63

Initiation

Answer 64

Limb bud patterning

Answer 65

Digit patterning and sculpting

Answer 66

Elongation

Answer 67

Sclerotome division

Answer 68

Apoptosis of cells at the end of the limb bud

Answer 69

Coordinated outgrowth of cells to form digits

Answer 70

Necrosis of webbing between the newly developed digits

Answer 71

Apical ectodermal ridge (AER)

Answer 72

Zone of polarising activity (ZPA)

Answer 73

Basal mesodermal dome (BMD)

Answer 74

Sclerotome signalling centre (SSC)

Answer 75

Sonic hedgehog

Answer 76

Ensure the correct bones develop in the correct place

Answer 77

Ensure that apoptosis occurs where it is needed to

Answer 78

Ensure that the limb bud reaches it's full length

Answer 79

Ensure that any mutated cells are destroyed

Answer 80

Ensure that the limb bud develops in the correct direction by creating a chemical gradient

Answer 81

Maintain proliferation in the progress zone

Answer 82

Prevent cell division anywhere other than the progress zone

Answer 83

Turn of proliferation in the progress zone when new cells are no longer required

Answer 84

Sonic hedgehog

Answer 85

Syndactayly

Answer 86

Cleft hand or foot

Answer 87

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Answer 88

Osteoarthritis

Answer 89

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 90

Ankalyosis spondylitis

Answer 91

Tissues become progressively ossified when they shouldn't be

Answer 92

The ossification of tissues is progressively broken down

Answer 93

The body has an inflammatory reaction to tissue that are ossified

Answer 94

The congenital absence of one or more limbs

Answer 95

The congenital absence of a part, but not all, of one or more limbs but with the presence of a hand or foot

Answer 96

A congenital deformity in which the hand or feet are closely attached to the torso with the limbs being under-developed

Answer 97

Congenital absence of one or more limbs

Answer 98

Congenital absence of a part, but not all, of one or more limbs but with the presence of a hand or foot

Answer 99

A congenital deformity in which the hands or feet are closely attached to the torso, with the limbs being under-developed

Answer 100

A congenital deformity in which the hands or feet are closely attached to the torso, with the limbs being under-developed

Answer 101

The congenital absence of one or more limbs

Answer 102

The congenital absence of a part, but not all, of one or more limbs, but with the presence of a hand or foot

Answer 103

Thalidomide

Answer 104

Methotrexate

Answer 105

Dexamethosone

Answer 106

Congenital absence of part or all of one or more fingers or toes

Answer 107

A condition in which a person has more than five fingers or toes on one, or each, of their hands or feet

Answer 108

A condition of having some or all of the fingers or toes partly or wholly united

Answer 109

Because of limb rotation that occurs during development

Answer 110

Because of limb rotation that occurs after birth

Answer 111

Because we a bipedal, not quadrupedal

Answer 112

Because the spinal nerve rotate during development

Answer 113

Pityriasis rosea

Answer 114

Bell's palsy

Answer 115

Chicken pox

Answer 116

Because the virus travels down one spinal nerve only

Answer 117

Because the immune cells in this area of skin have been destroyed

Answer 118

Because the virus is only present on the skin in this dermatome

Answer 119

Dorsal muscles - i.e. muscles of the back

Answer 120

Limb muscles - i.e. flexors and extensors

Answer 121

Ventral muscles - i.e everything but the muscles of the back

Answer 122

Dorsal ramus of the spinal nerve

Answer 123

Ventral ramus of the spinal nerve

Answer 124

Sympathetic chain

Answer 125

Cranial nerves IX - XI

Answer 126

Signalling molecules produced by adjacent tissues

Answer 127

Signalling molecules produced by the neural tube

Answer 128

Signalling molecule produces by the notocord

Answer 129

Signalling molecules in the embryonic fluid

Answer 130

Hormones produced by the mother

Answer 131

Drive skeletal muscle-specific differentiation

Answer 132

Create a chemical gradient to direct muscle growth in the correct direction

Answer 133

Prevent abnormal muscle growth

Answer 134

Set aside stem cells for muscle repair

Answer 135

Prevent abnormal muscle growth

Answer 136

Prevent striation from being lost from the skeletal muscle

Answer 137

Satellite cells

Answer 138

Basal cells

Answer 139

Myogenic repair cells

Answer 140

Acetylcholine

Answer 141

Noradrenaline

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Musculoskeletal Development

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