Unit 4 Quiz Plant Bio

[blank_start]Turgor pressure[blank_end] allows plants to hold themselves upright against gravity

[blank_start]Hypotonic[blank_end] solutions have a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cell while [blank_start]hypertonic[blank_end] solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell

When a [blank_start]hypotonic[blank_end] solution is added to a cell, net movement of water is [blank_start]into[blank_end] the cell, leaving the cell [blank_start]turgid[blank_end].

When an [blank_start]isotonic[blank_end] solution is added to a cell, net movement in and out of the cell is the same, leaving the cell [blank_start]flaccid[blank_end].

When a [blank_start]hypertonic[blank_end] solution is added to the cell, net water movement is [blank_start]out of[blank_end] the cell, leaving the cell [blank_start]plasmolyzed[blank_end].

Which of the following applies to meristematic tissue?

Which of the following applies to permanent tissues?

[blank_start]Nucleus[blank_end]: genetic control center of cell [blank_start]Chloroplasts[blank_end]: site of photosynthesis [blank_start]Amyloplasts[blank_end]: responsible for storing glucose produced during photosynthesis [blank_start]Vacuoles[blank_end]: membrane-bound sacs involved in plant cell growth & storage of water and other products [blank_start]Plasmodesmata[blank_end]: channels that enable transport and communication between cells [blank_start]Plasma membrane[blank_end]: regulated specialized movement of substances in and out of cells [blank_start]Mitochondria[blank_end]: generate most of cell's chemical energy [blank_start]Chlorophyll[blank_end]: green pigment that absorbs sunlight [blank_start]Plastids[blank_end]: responsible for photosynthesis & storage of starch [blank_start]Cell wall[blank_end]: surrounds plasma membrane

Vertical growth is [blank_start]primary growth[blank_end] Horizontal growth is [blank_start]secondary growth[blank_end]

Dyes [blank_start]PGL[blank_end] turns lignin bright red [blank_start]Iodine[blank_end] turns starch black [blank_start]TBO[blank_end] is the general stain that shows differences between structures

All plants have [blank_start]primary[blank_end] cell walls which are [blank_start]flexible[blank_end] and can [blank_start]expand[blank_end] as the cell grows Some plants have [blank_start]secondary[blank_end] cell walls which contain [blank_start]lignin[blank_end], are [blank_start]inflexible[blank_end], and provide structural support

Miotic cell division occurs in which type of tissue?

Types of meristematic tissue

______ meristems allow plant to extend in length

[blank_start]Lateral[blank_end] meristems are responsible for growth in plant's width or thickness

[blank_start]Intercalary[blank_end] meristems occur at base of leaf blades & nodes and allow blade to increase in length

[blank_start]Meristematic[blank_end] tissue has a densely packed nucleus that was visible under a microscope when stained in the lab

Types of permanent tissue

[blank_start]Dermal tissue[blank_end] cover and protect plant [blank_start]Vascular tissue[blank_end] transports water, mineral, sugars to different parts [blank_start]Ground tissue[blank_end] serves as site for photosynthesis, and helps store water and sugar

Dermal tissue [blank_start]Epidermis[blank_end] is a single layer of cells covering and protecting underlying tissue [blank_start]Bark[blank_end] is a tough, waterproof outer layer of cork cells that protect woody plants from damage [blank_start]Epidermal cells[blank_end] are the most numerous and least differentiated of the cells in the epidermis with thin walls, no chloroplasts, and alive at maturity. They secrete a waxy cuticle [blank_start]Guard cells[blank_end] surround the stoma and help regulate rate of transpiration by opening and closing stomata, they have chloroplasts, and are the only epidermal cells capable of photosynthesis [blank_start]Stomata[blank_end] are openings through which the uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen and water vapor can occur on the epidermis of aerial ports of plant [blank_start]Trichomes[blank_end] are hair-like structures on surface of leaves and stems that reduce loss of water from shoot system by decreasing flow of air over plant surface & can protect against UV & overheating [blank_start]Glandular trichomes[blank_end] can store & exude compounds that defend against herbivory [blank_start]Root hairs[blank_end] are tiny hair-like extensions of root epidermis that absorb water and mineral nutrients in the soil by increasing root surface

Vascular tissue Xylem & phloem are arranged in distinct strands called [blank_start]vascular bundles[blank_end] [blank_start]Vascular cambium[blank_end] is sandwiched between xylem & phloem to create new vascular tissue so the plant can grow in width [blank_start]Xylem[blank_end] conducts water and minerals from roots to leaves via [blank_start]transpiration[blank_end] (loss of water from stomata of plant) [blank_start]Tracheids and vessel elements[blank_end] are dead at maturity, have thick cell walls of lignin, and form hollow tubes for water to flow In [blank_start]growing tissue[blank_end], lignified part of cell wall forms in rings or helix allowing extension In [blank_start]nonexpanding parts[blank_end], cell wall forms as netlike or pitted structure for mechanical support [blank_start]Xylem parenchyma[blank_end] are the only living cells in xylem, involved in storage [blank_start]Xylem fibers[blank_end] are sclerenchyma cells in between vessels and tracheids for mechanical support [blank_start]Phloem tissue[blank_end] are composed of companion cells, sieve tube elements, phloem parenchyma, phloem sclerenchyma, are living at maturity, and conduct dissolved sugars & organic molecules in a process called translocation [blank_start]Sieve tubes[blank_end] are main conducting channels of phloem and contain cytoplasm but no nucleus [blank_start]Companion cells[blank_end] are special type of parenchyma cell found alongside sieve tubes that provide energy used during translocation Pholem Parenchyma - [blank_start]storage[blank_end] Phloem Sclerenchyma - [blank_start]mechanical support[blank_end]

Ground tissue [blank_start]Ground parenchyma[blank_end] cells are living cells that are involved in storage and metabolism, and are made up bulk of soft internal tissue, commonly called pith [blank_start]Ground collenchyma[blank_end] cells are living cells that are long and narrow with unevenly thick cell walls found in strands or sheets beneath the epidermis and provide flexible support to actively growing regions [blank_start]Ground sclerenchyma[blank_end] cells are typically dead, providing structural support and protection to non growing regions and whose cell walls are hard and rigid, classified as fibers or sclereids [blank_start]Fibers[blank_end] are elongated with tapering ends and often occur in bundles contribute more than half the volume of woody tissue and are found in all stems & leaves that are hard and tough [blank_start]Sclereids[blank_end] are shorter with more abundant and elaborate pitting and are found in structures like seed coats, walnut shells, peach pits

Stems Epidermis of stem has distinct [blank_start]cuticle[blank_end] exuded by aerial dermal cells Vascular bundles [blank_start]arranged throughout[blank_end] [blank_start]Monocots[blank_end] have scattered vascular bundles without meristematic vascular cambium [blank_start]Dicots[blank_end] have vascular bundles arranged in a ring with distinct line of vascular cambium seperating xylem from phloem Outer ground tissue of dicot stem is the [blank_start]cortex[blank_end], inner tissue is [blank_start]pith[blank_end]

Label the cell

Label the cell

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Roots [blank_start]Epidermis[blank_end] of a root will vary from epidermis of shoots because in that it won't have a cuticle since it needs to absorb soil water [blank_start]Cortex[blank_end] is composed of parenchyma cells loosely packed for aeration and whose primary function is storage of extra sugar as starch [blank_start]Endodermis[blank_end] is innermost layer of cortex with tightly packed cells with waterproof band known as Casparian strip that regulates flow of water into xylem [blank_start]Pericycle[blank_end] is a layer of cells just within the endodermis containing meristematic cells where lateral roots emerge from [blank_start]Stele[blank_end] is the cluster of vascular tissue at the center of the root  In dicots, the stele [blank_start]will appear as an X[blank_end] In monocots, the stele [blank_start]will form a ring around pith[blank_end] (parenchyma cells similar to the cortex)

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Leaves [blank_start]Epidermis[blank_end] of leaves will have distinct cuticle and upper & lower epidermal layer Stomata mostly on underside of leaf to protect from debris and keep sheltered from direct light to limit water loss [blank_start]Dicot[blank_end] leaves have distinct palisade and spongy mesophyll (middle leaf) cells [blank_start]Palisade[blank_end] cells are the main photosynthesizers in the leaf and occur just below the epidermis will be rectangular, filled with chloroplasts [blank_start]Spongy[blank_end] cells are small and irregular occurring close to lower epidermis, they have large air pockets for gas exchange [blank_start]Monocot[blank_end] leaves have regularly occurring vascular bundles that can be seen in cross section due to parallel venation [blank_start]Reticulate venation[blank_end] of dicots means a cross section will only capture a few veins so their vascular bundles will appear more irregular and scattered

What is this?

What is this?

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