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The Respiratory System: the Upper Respiratory Tract

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Medicine Anatomy of Systems Quiz sobre The Respiratory System: the Upper Respiratory Tract, criado por Charlotte Jakes em 26-01-2020.
Charlotte Jakes
Quiz por Charlotte Jakes, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Charlotte Jakes
Criado por Charlotte Jakes mais de 4 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Inspired air is almost 100% saturated with water in the nasal cavity.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 2

Questão
What is the anterior nares?
Responda
  • Anterior opening of nose
  • Opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx
  • The folds of the nasal cavity wall
  • The region of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity

Questão 3

Questão
What is the posterior nares?
Responda
  • The anterior opening of the nose
  • The opening of the nose into the pharynx
  • The region of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity
  • The folds of the nasal cavity wall

Questão 4

Questão
Both the mouth and nose open into the pharynx.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 5

Questão
Label this image to show the regions of the pharynx. Note how this image shows how both the mouth and nose open up into the pharynx.
Image:
Pharynx (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx

Questão 6

Questão
What are the nasal conchae?
Responda
  • Folds of the nasal cavity wall
  • Blood vessels in the nasal cavity wall
  • The two anterior openings of the nose (nostrils)
  • The posterior opening of the nose

Questão 7

Questão
What is the purpose of the nasal conchae and the blood vessels being close to the mucosa of the nasal cavity?
Responda
  • Warms inspired air
  • Cools inspired air
  • Saturates inspired air with water
  • Filters inspired air

Questão 8

Questão
Which part of the pharynx would you find an opening to the middle ear?
Responda
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx

Questão 9

Questão
The larynx acts as a sphincter that prevents food and fluid from entering the airway.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 10

Questão
What is the carina?
Responda
  • The ridge of cartilage between the two main bronchi
  • The rings of cartilage that make up the trachea
  • The folds of the walls of the nasal cavity
  • The region of the pharynx occurring behind the mouth

Questão 11

Questão
Which bronchus has a smaller and at more of an angle, making it more vulnerable to aspiration?
Responda
  • Left
  • Right

Questão 12

Questão
Which is true of the branching of the bronchi?
Responda
  • Progressively less cartilage and more muscle as branching continues
  • Progressively less muscle and more cartilage as branching continues
  • Simple epithelium becomes stratified columnar epithelium as branching continues
  • Progressively fewer alveoli as branching continues

Questão 13

Questão
Which is true of the organisation of the bronchi?
Responda
  • 3 lobar bronchi in the right lung, 2 lobar bronchi in the left lung
  • 2 lobar bronchi in the right lung, 3 lobar bronchi in the left lung
  • 1 lobar bronchus in each lung
  • 2 lobar bronchi in each lung

Questão 14

Questão
Label this diagram to show the divisions of the bronchi.
Image:
Bronchi (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Trachea
  • Main bronchus
  • Lobar bronchus
  • Segmental bronchus

Questão 15

Questão
Which of the following describes respiratory epithelium?
Responda
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  • Pseudostratified ciliated squamous epithelium
  • Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium
  • Simple ciliated columnar epithelium

Questão 16

Questão
Where do the bronchial arteries branch off?
Responda
  • Descending aorta
  • Aortic arch
  • Left pulmonary vein
  • Right pulmonary artery

Questão 17

Questão
Which is true of the bronchial arteries?
Responda
  • Three branches on left, one on right
  • Three branches on right, one on left
  • One branch on left, one branch on right
  • Two branches on left, two branches on right

Questão 18

Questão
Fill in the blanks to label the pulmonary vasculature.
Image:
Pulmonary+Vasculature (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Bronchial artery

Questão 19

Questão
There are goblet cells and serous glands in the respiratory epithelium. What do serous glands secrete?
Responda
  • Watery fluid containing antibacterial enzyme
  • Watery fluid containing macrophages and white blood cells
  • Watery fluid containing mast cells
  • Thick mucous

Questão 20

Questão
Where do the cilia in the respiratory tract move bacteria-laden mucus to?
Responda
  • The stomach
  • The mouth
  • The nasal sinuses
  • The middle ear

Questão 21

Questão
Macrophages are destroyed in the stomach after they have engulfed bacteria.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 22

Questão
What do mast cells release?
Responda
  • Histamine
  • Vasopressin
  • Angiotensin II
  • Macrophages

Questão 23

Questão
What does histamine do?
Responda
  • Reduces the lumen of the airway in the presence of a toxin
  • Increases the lumen of the airway in the presence of a toxin
  • Triggers the cough reflex in the presence of a toxin
  • Stimulate the formation of cilia on the epithelial cells

Questão 24

Questão
What does the hypothalamus change breathing in response to?
Responda
  • Pain and emotions
  • Blood chemistry (e.g. pCO2)
  • Contraction of the muscles
  • Stretch of the parietal pleura

Questão 25

Questão
What is proprioception?
Responda
  • Perception or awareness of position and/or movement
  • Detection of irritants
  • Detection of stretch
  • Detection of chemicals

Questão 26

Questão
What do the C-receptors detect?
Responda
  • Irritants in the airway
  • Stretch in the airway
  • Blood chemistry (e.g. pCO2)
  • Muscle contraction

Questão 27

Questão
Where are the receptors for the cough reflex found?
Responda
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Alveoli
  • Bronchioles
  • Nasal cavity

Questão 28

Questão
Where do afferent fibres from the cough reflex integrate?
Responda
  • Medulla
  • Pons
  • Hypothalamus
  • Posterior pituitary

Questão 29

Questão
Which is the afferent pathway in the cough reflex?
Responda
  • Ipsilateral vagus nerve
  • T1 spinal nerve
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Questão 30

Questão
Which of the following are efferent nerves of the cough reflex?
Responda
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Vagal efferents to bronchial tree
  • Ipsilateral vagus nerve
  • T1 spinal nerve
  • C7 spinal nerve

Questão 31

Questão
The trachealis is involved in the cough reflex.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 32

Questão
Label this image to show the anatomy of the larynx.
Image:
Larynx (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Epiglottis
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Arytenoid cartilages
  • Cricoid cartilage

Questão 33

Questão
Label this image of the larynx from inside the mouth.
Image:
Larynx+Sphincter+Shit (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • False vocal fold
  • True vocal fold
  • Epiglottis
  • Vestibular fold
  • Vocal fold
  • Glottis
  • Arytenoid cartilage

Questão 34

Questão
Label this coronal section of the larynx.
Image:
Coronal+Section+Larynx (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Trachea
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Vestibular fold
  • Vocal fold
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Epiglottis
  • Hyoid bone

Questão 35

Questão
Label this section of the trachea.
Image:
Trachea (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Trachealis muscle
  • Oesophagus
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Adventitia

Questão 36

Questão
What type of connective tissue occurs in the adventitia of the trachea?
Responda
  • Areolar
  • Mesenchymal
  • Adipose
  • Cartilage

Questão 37

Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to each of the below positions of the larynx.
Image:
Larynx+Openings (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Rotation of arytenoids
  • Abduction of arytenoids
  • Used for whispering

Questão 38

Questão
Label this image to show the anatomy of the larynx, in particular the membranes.
Image:
Larynx+Membranes (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Thyrohyoid membrane
  • Median hyrohydroid ligament
  • Internal laryngeal nerve
  • Superior laryngeal artery
  • Lateral thyrohyroid ligament
  • Median cricothyroid ligament
  • Cricothyroid membrane
  • Cricotracheal ligament

Questão 39

Questão
What do you puncture in a laryngotomy?
Responda
  • Cricothyroid membrane
  • Thyrohyoid membrane
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Epiglottis

Questão 40

Questão
Why is it dangerous to perform a laryngotomy on an individual with three thyroid gland lobes?
Responda
  • Artery runs up midline of lobe
  • Vein runs up midline of lobe
  • Damage to the thyroid gland can be fatal
  • The thyroid gland lies superior to the thyroid cartilage

Questão 41

Questão
Label this diagram to show the innervation of the larynx.
Image:
Laryngeal+Nerves (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Inferior vagal ganglion
  • Right vagus nerve
  • Right recurrent laryngeal
  • Left recurrent laryngeal
  • Left vagus nerve
  • External laryngeal
  • Internal laryngeal
  • Superior laryngeal

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