Questão 1
Questão
What marks the beginning of the tracheobronchial tree?
Responda
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The trachea
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The carina
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The bronchi
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The larynx
Questão 2
Questão
Where does the trachea arise?
Questão 3
Questão
At what level does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left main bronchi?
Questão 4
Questão
In what relation is the trachea compared to the oesophagus?
Questão 5
Questão
The trachea is held open by cartilage. What shape does this cartilage take?
Responda
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C-shaped rings
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Circular rings
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Biconcave rings
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U-shaped rings
Questão 6
Questão
What supports the free ends of the rings of cartilage that support the trachea?
Responda
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Trachealis muscle
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Collagen
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The vertebrae
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Adipose tissue
Questão 7
Questão
What type of epithelium will you find in the trachea and bronchi?
Responda
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Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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Ciliated stratified squamous epithelium
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Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
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Stratified squamous epithelium
Questão 8
Questão
The trachea and bronchi's epithelia are interspersed with goblet cells. What is the function of these goblet cells?
Questão 9
Questão
What name is given to the combined system which traps inhaled particles and pathogens and moves them up out of the airways to be swallowed and destroyed?
Questão 10
Questão
What name is given to the ridge of cartilage at the bifurcation of the trachea which runs anteroposteriorly between the openings of the two bronchi?
Responda
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Carina
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Larynx
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Pharynx
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Cricothyroid cartilage
Questão 11
Questão
The carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea for triggering the cough reflex.
Questão 12
Questão
What provides the trachea with sensory innervation?
Questão 13
Questão
The trachea is vascularised by the tracheal branches of the...
Responda
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Inferior thyroid artery
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Brachiocephalic trunk
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Coronary arteries
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Pulmonary arteries
Questão 14
Questão
Which of the following provide the venous drainage of the trachea?
Questão 15
Questão
Which main bronchus is wider, shorter, and descends more vertically than its counterpart?
Responda
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Right main bronchus
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Left main bronchus
Questão 16
Questão
In which main bronchus is there a higher incidence of foreign body inhalation?
Responda
-
Right main bronchus
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Left main bronchus
Questão 17
Questão
The right superior lobar bronchus arises before the right main bronchus enters the hilum of the right lung.
Questão 18
Questão
Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the arch of the aorta?
Responda
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Inferiorly
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Superiorly
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Anteriorly
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Posteriorly
Questão 19
Questão
Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the thoracic aorta and oesophagus?
Responda
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Anteriorly
-
Posteriorly
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Inferiorly
-
Superiorly
Questão 20
Questão
In the lungs, both main/primary bronchi divide into lobar/secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe. How many lobar bronchi does the right lung have?
Questão 21
Questão
In the lungs, both main/primary bronchi divide into lobar/secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe. How many lobar bronchi does the left lung have?
Questão 22
Questão
The lobar/secondary bronchi then bifurcate into several segmental/tertiary bronchi. What do these supply?
Questão 23
Questão
Which is true of the cartilage of the MAIN bronchi?
Questão 24
Questão
Which is true of the cartilage of the lobar and segmental bronchi?
Responda
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Crescent-shaped
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C-shaped
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Complete rings
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No cartilage
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following innervate the bronchi?
Responda
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Pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve (CNX)
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Accessory nerve (CNXI)
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve
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Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-T9)
Questão 26
Questão
The bronchi are supplied by the bronchial arteries and drained by the bronchial veins.
Questão 27
Questão
Where do the bronchial arteries arise from?
Responda
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Thoracic aorta
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Renal arteries
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Coeliac trunk
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Common hepatic artery
Questão 28
Questão
The bronchial veins drain into the accessory hemiazygos vein, the azygos vein and the superior vena cava.
Questão 29
Questão
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe how the bronchi divide to serve the lungs.
Responda
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Right upper lobe
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Right middle lobe
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Right lower lobe
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Superior division
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Lingular division
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Left upper lobe
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Left lower lobe
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Bronchi of the right upper lobe
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Bronchi of the right middle lobe
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Bronchi of the right lower lobe
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Bronchi of the left upper lobe
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Bronchi of the left lower lobe
Questão 30
Questão
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the tracheobronchial tree.
Responda
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Main/primary bronchi
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Segmental/tertiary
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Subsegmental/quaternary bronchi
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Lobar/secondary bronchi
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Larynx
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Trachea
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Right main bronchus
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Left main bronchus
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Right superior lobar bronchus
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Intermediate bronchus
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Right middle lobar bronchus
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Right inferior lobar bronchus
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Segmental bronchi
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Subsegmental bronchi
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Left superior lobar bronchi
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Lingular bronchus
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Inferior lobar bronchus
Questão 31
Questão
What is the lingula?
Responda
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A homologue of the middle lobe in the left lung
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The notch in the left lung caused by the apex of the heart
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The ring of cartilage transversing the bronchi at the bifurcation of the trachea
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The point at which the larynx becomes the trachea
Questão 32
Questão
The bronchioles are the smallest airways of the tracheobronchial tree. Which of the following do they NOT contain?
Responda
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Club cells
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Cartilage
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Goblet cells
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Cilia
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Smooth muscle
Questão 33
Questão
What do the club cells of the bronchioles secrete?
Responda
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Surfactant
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Mucous
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Histamine
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Nitric oxide
Questão 34
Questão
Which bronchioles are the initial bronchioles which transport air but lack glands and are not involved in gas exchange?
Responda
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Conducting bronchioles
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Terminal bronchioles
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Respiratory bronchioles
Questão 35
Questão
Conducting bronchioles branch into...
Responda
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Terminal bronchioles
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Respiratory bronchioles
Questão 36
Questão
Which bronchioles end in alveoli?
Responda
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Respiratory bronchioles
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Terminal bronchioles
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Conducting bronchioles
Questão 37
Questão
What type of epithelium will you find in the alveoli?
Responda
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Simple squamous epithelium
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Simple columnar epithelium
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Stratified squamous epithelium
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Questão 38
Questão
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the passage of air in the tracheobronchial tree.
Questão 39
Questão
What are the pleurae?
Responda
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Serous membranes lining the lungs and thoracic cavity
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Serous membranes covering the heart
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The borders of the lungs
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The terminal bronchioles of the lungs
Questão 40
Questão
The serous membranes consist of what?
Responda
-
Simple squamous cells (mesothelium) supported by connective tissue
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Simple squamous cells (mesothelium)
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Fibrous connective tissue
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Adipose connective tissue
Questão 41
Questão
Which pleural membrane covers the lungs?
Responda
-
Visceral pleura
-
Parietal pleura
Questão 42
Questão
Which pleural membrane lines the internal surface of the thoracic cavity?
Responda
-
Parietal pleura
-
Visceral pleura
Questão 43
Questão
What is the pleural cavity?
Responda
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The potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura
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The space between the parietal pleura and thoracic wall
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The space between the visceral pleura and lungs
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The space between the visceral pleura and heart
Questão 44
Questão
Which layer of the pleurae is thicker?
Responda
-
Parietal pleura
-
Visceral pleura
Questão 45
Questão
The visceral pleura does not extend into the interlobar fissures.
Questão 46
Questão
Where is the visceral pleura continuous with the parietal pleura?
Questão 47
Questão
The pleural cavity contains a small volume of serous fluid. This helps lubricate the surfaces of the pleurae as well as...
Responda
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Provide surface tension to ensure the lungs expand when the thorax expands
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Antimicrobial function
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Provides a root for neurovasculature
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Provides a root for the bronchioles
Questão 48
Questão
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the regions of the parietal pleura.
Responda
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Cervical
-
Costal
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Mediastinal
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Diaphragmatic
Questão 49
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this cross section through the thoracic cavity, paying attention to the pleurae.
Responda
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Vertebra
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Right lung
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Parietal pleura
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Visceral pleura
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Pleural cavity
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Pericardial membranes
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Sternum
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Anterior mediastinum
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Heart
-
Pulmonary trunk
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Thoracic wall
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Left lung
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Left pulmonary vein
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Left pulmonary artery
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Left main bronchus
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Root of lung at hilum
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Oesophagus
Questão 50
Questão
What are the pleural recesses?
Responda
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Where opposing surfaces of the parietal pleura touch
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Where there is no fluid in the pleural membranes
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Where there is no visceral pleura covering the lungs
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Where the visceral pleura becomes continuous with parietal pleura
Questão 51
Questão
Why are the pleural recesses of clinical importance?
Responda
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Provide a location where fluid can collect
-
Provide a location where irritation of the lungs occurs
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Provide a location where the thoracic wall is vulnerable
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Provide a location where pulmonary embolisms are likely
Questão 52
Questão
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the pleural recesses.
Questão 53
Questão
Which pleural membrane is sensitive to pressure, pain and temperature?
Responda
-
Parietal pleura
-
Visceral pleura
Questão 54
Questão
Which pleural membrane is not sensitive to pain temperature or touch - it is only sensitive to stretch?
Responda
-
Parietal pleura
-
Visceral pleura
Questão 55
Questão
Which parts of the parietal pleura are innervated by the segmental intercostal nerves, meaning pain here is highly localised?
Responda
-
Costal
-
Cervical
-
Diaphragmatic
-
Mediastinal
Questão 56
Questão
Which parts of the parietal pleura are innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3-C5), meaning pain there is referred to the shoulders?
Responda
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Diaphragmatic
-
Mediastinal
-
Costal
-
Cervical
Questão 57
Questão
Which pleural membrane is supplied by the pulmonary plexus - a network of fibres from the sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve?
Responda
-
Visceral pleura
-
Parietal pleura
Questão 58
Questão
Which pleural membrane is supplied by the intercostal arteries?
Responda
-
Parietal pleura
-
Visceral pleura
Questão 59
Questão
Which pleural membrane is supplied by the bronchial arteries?
Responda
-
Parietal pleura
-
Visceral pleura