23885224
Questão 1
Questão
Pacemaker cells in the SA node are located:
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at the junction between the vena cava and right atrium
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primarily in the right atrium
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at the junction between the right atrium and the right ventricle
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near the coronary sinus
Questão 2
Questão
The wave of depolarization in the heart moves from the SA node to the RA, interatrial septum and left atrium at a rate of 0.4 m/sec.
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- True
- False
Questão 3
Questão
Which of the following is a result of atrial depolarization?
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QRS complex
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P wave
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T wave
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V wave
Questão 4
Questão
The rate of depolarization slows down as the wave reaches the small AV node cells.
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- True
- False
Questão 5
Questão
The wave of depolarization after the AV node:
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spreads rapidly at a rate of 2-4 m/sec
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spreads rapidly at a rate of 3-5 m/sec
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travels through the bundle of His and then to the bundle branches
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is slowed at the bundle of His
Questão 6
Questão
The [blank_start]QRS complex[blank_end] seen in an EKG is due to depolarization of the ventricles.
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QRS complex
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P wave
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PR interval
Questão 7
Questão
Which of the following cells is/are capable of generating spontaneous pacemaker activity?
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AV node
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SA node
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Bundle cells
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Purkinje fibers
Questão 8
Questão
Without any neural modulation SA node cells would fire at a rate of 100-120 bpm.
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- True
- False
Questão 9
Questão
Atrial fibrillation occurs when the atrial muscle depolarizes so frequently (rates up to 500/min) that the atrial contraction is ineffective and the QRS complex is replaced by small oscillations.
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- True
- False
Questão 10
Questão
Standard limb lead I compares voltage between:
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right arm and left leg
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right arm and left arm
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left arm and left leg
Questão 11
Questão
Standard limb lead II compares voltage between the right arm and left leg.
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- True
- False
Questão 12
Questão
Augmented lead aVL averages negative leads on the right arm and [blank_start]left leg[blank_end] to compare to a positive lead on the left arm.
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left leg
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right leg
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4th intercostal space
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left arm
Questão 13
Questão
Augmented lead _____ has negative leads averaged between the left arm and left leg, with the positive lead on the right arm.
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aVR
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AVL
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aVF
Questão 14
Questão
Augmented lead aVF averages negative leads on both feet and compares voltage to a positive lead on the left arm.
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- True
- False
Questão 15
Questão
Which of the following are components of standard limb lead III?
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negative lead on the left arm
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negative lead on the right arm
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positive lead on the left leg
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positive lead on the right leg
Questão 16
Questão
What abnormality is portrayed in the EKG tracing?
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1st degree heart block
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2nd degree heart block, Mobitz Type II
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ST elevation
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2nd degree heart block, Mobitz Type I
Questão 17
Questão
The portrayed EKG tracing demonstrates 2nd degree, Mobitz Type II heart block.
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- True
- False
Questão 18
Questão
This EKG tracing demonstrates 3rd degree heart block. Which of the following are characteristics of this abnormality?
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Complete A-V disassociation (dissociated P waves)
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consistent QRS complex
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3rd degree burns
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Absent PR interval (atria & ventricles beat independently)
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Absent P waves
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Ventricular bradycardia
Questão 19
Questão
What abnormality is demonstrated by the EKG tracing?
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Ventricular fibrillation
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Atrial fibrillation
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Auricular fibrillation
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Defibrillation
Questão 20
Questão
[blank_start]Ventricular tachycardia[blank_end] (as shown in this tracing) is characterized by a heart rate greater than [blank_start]100[blank_end] bpm and wide [blank_start]QRS[blank_end] interval.
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Ventricular tachycardia
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100
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QRS
Questão 21
Questão
This EKG tracing demonstrates sinus bradycardia.
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- True
- False
Questão 22
Questão
What abnormality is demonstrated here?
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Ventricular fibrillation
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Atrial fibrillation
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Atrial flutter
Questão 23
Questão
The pictured abnormality demonstrates atrial flutter. How does this differ from atrial fibrillation?
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Electrical activity is coordinated in flutter, but not in fibrillation
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Electrical activity is coordinated in fibrillation, but not in flutter
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Characteristic "sawtooth" P waves are present
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QRS is grossly abnormal.
Questão 24
Questão
This EKG tracing demonstrates which of the following?
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Sinus bradycardia
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Sinus tachycardia
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Sinus arrhythmia
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Sinus pressure
Questão 25
Questão
Which is the most common cause of sudden death?
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Abetalipoproteinemia
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Ventricular fibrillation
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PA students suddenly transitioning to a sedentary lifestyle and questionable dietary habits
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Darth Proteus + a bottle of Don Julio 70
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Atrial fibrillation
Questão 26
Questão
Where does standard limb lead III record differences in potential?
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Left arm (-) and left leg (+)
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Right arm (-) and left leg (+)
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Right arm (+) and right leg (+)
Questão 27
Questão
You're performing an EKG on a patient and focusing on limb lead II. In terms of deflection, what do you expect to see on the tracing upon atrial depolarization?
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positive (upward) deflection forming the P wave
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negative (downward) deflection forming the P wave
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formation of the QRS complex
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formation of the Z wave
Questão 28
Questão
With respect to limb lead II, what do you expect to observe on an EKG upon the FIRST stage of ventricular depolarization?
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a slight positive deflection at the beginning of the QRS complex
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a slight negative deflection at the beginning of the QRS complex
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no measurable deflection
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a large negative deflection at the beginning of the QRS complex
Questão 29
Questão
With respect to aVR, you expect to see a negative (downward) deflection upon the SECOND stage of ventricular depolarization.
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- True
- False
Questão 30
Questão
All of the following are terms that describe abnormal pathways of depolarization in cardiac muscle except:
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re-entry
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circus movement
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reciprocating tachycardia
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fibrillation
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refractory repolarization
Questão 31
Questão
Regarding the QRS axis of the heart, if the QRS is positive (upright) in lead I and positive (upright) in lead aVF, then you have a normal axis.
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- True
- False
Questão 32
Questão
If the QRS axis (vector) is negative in lead I and negative in lead aVF, then:
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You are in the NW axis (can be seen in patients with v-tach; relatively rare)
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This confirms a left axis deviation (LAD) usually seen with left ventricular hypertrophy or right ventricle damage
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This confirms a right axis deviation (RAD) usually seen with right ventricular hypertrophy or left ventricle damage
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I need to watch the video provided in the explanation to understand more
Questão 33
Questão
The normal QRS axis of the heart comprises a vector between +90 and -50 degrees
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- True
- False
Questão 34
Questão
A normal PR interval is between
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0.12 and 0.2 sec
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0.2 - 0.3 sec
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0.06 - 0.1 sec
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0.35 - 0.4 sec
Questão 35
Questão
You are a 2nd year student and your internal medicine preceptor asks you the following question regarding an EKG trace: "How many seconds are represented by 1 big box?". Your answer is:
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1 second
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0.2 seconds
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0.5 mV
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0.4 seconds
Questão 36
Questão
The best immediate treatment for ventricular fibrillation would be blocking the
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I (f) channel
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TEA-type K channel
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Na+ channel
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None of the above
Questão 37
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aVL
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Limb lead II
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Limb lead III
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Precordial lead
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