Questão 1
Questão
Adenine complementary pairs to what other bases in DNA and RNA?
Responda
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Cytosine
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Guanine
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Thymine
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Uracil
Questão 2
Questão
What direction does the coding strand run in?
Questão 3
Questão
What direction does the template strand run in?
Questão 4
Questão
What is the correct process of DNA replication?
Responda
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DNA helicase unwinds -> SSBP -> Primase -> DNA polymerase builds new DNA strand in 5' to 3' -> exonuclease removes primers -> DNA polymerase fills the gaps -> DNA ligase fixes gap in sugar-phosphate backbone.
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DNA helicase unwinds -> SSBP -> Primase -> DNA polymerase builds new DNA strand in 3' to 5' -> exonuclease removes primers -> DNA polymerase fills the gaps -> DNA ligase fixes gap in sugar-phosphate backbone.
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DNA gyrase unwinds -> SSBP -> Primase -> DNA polymerase builds new DNA strand in 5' to 3' -> exonuclease removes primers -> DNA polymerase fills the gaps -> DNA ligase fixes gap in sugar-phosphate backbone.
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DNA gyrase unwinds -> SSBP -> Primase -> DNA polymerase builds new DNA strand in 3' to 5' -> exonuclease removes primers -> DNA ligase fills the gaps -> DNA ligase fixes gap in sugar-phosphate backbone.
Questão 5
Questão
What is the function of Gyrase?
Questão 6
Questão
What is the function of telomerase?
Responda
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Add DNA repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands in telomere regions (at the end of the chromosome)
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Prevents DNA supercoiling
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Unwinds the DNA double strand
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Remove RNA primers
Questão 7
Questão
Which type of RNA encodes the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?
Questão 8
Questão
Which type of RNA forms a protein complex which aid in the formation of a spliceosome?
Questão 9
Questão
Which type of RNA is a component of the ribosome?
Questão 10
Questão
Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosomes during translation?
Questão 11
Questão
What does label 1 show on the model of the gene?
Responda
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Promoter
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RNA coding sequence
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Terminator
Questão 12
Questão
What does label 2 show on the model of the gene?
Responda
-
Promoter
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RNA coding sequence
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Terminator
Questão 13
Questão
What does label 3 show on the model of the gene?
Responda
-
Promoter
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RNA coding sequence
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Terminator
Questão 14
Questão
The process of transcription is what?
Responda
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DNA Helicase unwinds -> Gyrase alleviates supercoiling -> RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and starts in 5' to 3' -> Terminator is reached -> pre-mRNA is cleaved off -> DNA helix is reformed.
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DNA Helicase unwinds -> Telomerase alleviates supercoiling -> RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and starts in 5' to 3' -> Terminator is reached -> pre-mRNA is cleaved off -> DNA helix is reformed.
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DNA Helicase unwinds -> Gyrase alleviates supercoiling -> RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and starts in 3' to 5' -> Terminator is reached -> pre-mRNA is cleaved off -> DNA helix is reformed.
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DNA Helicase unwinds -> Telomerase alleviates supercoiling -> RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and starts in 3' to 5' -> Terminator is reached -> pre-mRNA is cleaved off -> DNA helix is reformed.
Questão 15
Questão
Splicing occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription.
Questão 16
Questão
Select the processes which occur in the nucleus
Responda
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DNA replication
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Transcription
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Splicing
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Translation
Questão 17
Questão
Select the process which occurs in the cytoplasm
Responda
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DNA replication
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Translation
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Transcription
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Splicing
Questão 18
Questão
The start codon on mRNA is always what set of bases?
Questão 19
Questão
The 40s subunit of an 80s ribosome contains the P and A site where the tRNA binds.
Questão 20
Questão
What is the process of amino acid charging?
Responda
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AA attaches to amino-acyl tRNA synthetase -> ATP binds to docking site -> hydrolysed to AMP -> AMP exits -> tRNA becomes charged -> charged tRNA is released
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AA attaches to amino-acyl tRNA synthetase -> ATP binds to docking site -> hydrolysed to ADP -> ADP exits -> tRNA becomes charged -> charged tRNA is released
Questão 21
Questão
What is the process of translation?
Responda
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Methionine-tRNA's anticodon UAC binds to the AUG sequence on mRNA -> Ribosome clamps to mRNA strand -> Peptide bond formation via Peptidyl transferase -> continuation -> STOP codon is reached -> release factor binds (no tRNA with anticodon) -> peptidyl transferase causes final protein to be ejected -> machinery disassembles
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Methionine-tRNA's anticodon AUG binds to the UAC sequence on mRNA -> Ribosome clamps to rRNA strand -> Peptide bond formation via Peptidyl transferase -> continuation -> STOP codon is reached -> release factor binds (no tRNA with anticodon) -> peptidyl transferase causes final protein to be ejected -> machinery disassembles
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Methionine-tRNA's anticodon AUG binds to the UAC sequence on mRNA -> Ribosome clamps to mRNA strand -> Peptide bond formation via Peptidyl transferase -> continuation -> STOP codon is reached -> release factor binds (no tRNA with anticodon) -> peptidyl transferase causes final protein to be ejected -> machinery disassembles
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Methionine-tRNA's anticodon UAC binds to the AUG sequence on mRNA -> Ribosome clamps to mRNA strand -> Peptide bond formation via aminoacyl transferase -> continuation -> STOP codon is reached -> release factor binds (no tRNA with anticodon) -> peptidyl transferase causes final protein to be ejected -> machinery disassembles
Questão 22
Questão
Convention is that polypeptides start with a C terminus and end with an N terminus.
Questão 23
Questão
Polysomes are advantageous because they mean mRNA, which is very unstable, can be translated into many proteins despite having a short life span.
Questão 24
Questão
What are the three generic types of DNA mutations?
Responda
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Insertion
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Substitution
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Deletion
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Rearrangement
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Reorderment
Questão 25
Questão
What is meant by a silent mutation?
Responda
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The same amino acid is coded for, because although the base is substituted for a different one, the codon still codes for the same amino acid due to the degenerate nature of the triplet code.
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A different amino acid is coded for for that particular triplet but the protein itself still remains functional.
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A premature STOP codon is coded for by the substitution which leads to a truncated,, non functional protein.
Questão 26
Questão
What is meant by a missense mutation?
Responda
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The same amino acid is coded for, because although the base is substituted for a different one, the codon still codes for the same amino acid due to the degenerate nature of the triplet code.
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A different amino acid is coded for for that particular triplet but the protein itself still remains functional.
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A premature STOP codon is coded for by the substitution which leads to a truncated,, non functional protein.
Questão 27
Questão
What is meant by a nonsense mutation?
Responda
-
The same amino acid is coded for, because although the base is substituted for a different one, the codon still codes for the same amino acid due to the degenerate nature of the triplet code.
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A different amino acid is coded for for that particular triplet but the protein itself still remains functional.
-
A premature STOP codon is coded for by the substitution which leads to a truncated,, non functional protein.
Questão 28
Questão
Deletion or insertion of 1,2,4 or 5 bases could cause a frameshift
Questão 29
Questão
A frameshift can completely alter the primary structure of a protein.
Questão 30
Questão
Most intronic mutations are not detrimental to the final protein.
Questão 31
Questão
A missense mutation can produce a partially working protein.