Questão 1
Questão
Parenteral administration of drugs describes what?
Questão 2
Questão
Percutaneous administration of drugs describes what?
Questão 3
Questão
Enteral administration of drugs describes what?
Questão 4
Questão
What is an advantage of the parenteral route of administration?
Questão 5
Questão
What is an advantage of percutaneous administration of drugs?
Questão 6
Questão
Repeated doses of general anaesthetic such as thiopental can cause a fatal dose because of accumulation, or "tissue binding" in adipose tissue.
Questão 7
Questão
1st pass metabolism describes what phenomenon?
Responda
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When the concentration of a drug available to the systemic circulation (it's bioavailability) is significantly reduced because it is metabolised by the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation.
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When the concentration of a drug available to the systemic circulation (it's bioavailability) is significantly increased because it is metabolised by the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation.
Questão 8
Questão
1st pass metabolism can be useful for activating pre-cursor drugs such as L-dopa into dopamine.
Questão 9
Questão
Steady state in pharmacology describes what?
Responda
-
Drug absorption = Drug elimination
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Drug absorption > Drug elimination
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Drug absorption < Drug elimination
Questão 10
Questão
What is the plasma half life of a drug?
Questão 11
Questão
What is meant by the hydrophobic effect?
Responda
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Amino acids with non-polar (hydrophobic) groups arrange themselves on the inside of a protein and vice versa.
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Amino acids with non-polar (hydrophilic) groups arrange themselves on the inside of a protein and vice versa.
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Amino acids with polar (hydrophobic) groups arrange themselves on the inside of a protein and vice versa.
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Amino acids with polar (hydrophilic) groups arrange themselves on the inside of a protein and vice versa.
Questão 12
Questão
Haemoglobin in sickle cell is dysfunctional as a result of an incorrect hydrophobic effect.
Questão 13
Questão
What is the primary structure of a protein?
Questão 14
Questão
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
Questão 15
Questão
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
Questão 16
Questão
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
Questão 17
Questão
The two weakly ionising groups of an amino acid are?
Responda
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Amino group
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Carboxyl group
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R group
Questão 18
Questão
With a pKa value of 9.7, and the equation NH3+ -> NH2 + H+ , at pH 9 what species will dominate?
Questão 19
Questão
What graph correctly depicts the dose response curve?
Questão 20
Questão
Response is proportional to occupancy
Questão 21
Questão
The maximum response cannot be attained when a competitive reversible antagonist is present.
Questão 22
Questão
In the presence of a competitive reversible antagonist, how is the dose response curve shifted?
Questão 23
Questão
An irreversible antagonist means that the maximum response can never be reached.
Questão 24
Questão
How is the dose response curve shifted in the presence of an irreversible antagonist?
Questão 25
Questão
Irreversible antagonists cause a decrease in the maximal response when spare receptors are not present.
Questão 26
Questão
Prolonged exposure to a drug reduces the bodies response to it.
Questão 27
Questão
Without spare receptors, non-competitive antagonists can reduce the maximal response (Emax).
Questão 28
Questão
When a non-competitive antagonist is used in the presence of spare receptors, the dose response curve shifts left.
Questão 29
Questão
Non-competitive antagonists do not compete for the agonist binding site.
Questão 30
Questão
Irreversible antagonists reduce the number of available receptors.
Questão 31
Questão
The dose response curve of an irreversible agonist is shifted down because the maximal response is decreased.
Questão 32
Questão
Select common ways that cells regulate their functions via receptors
Questão 33
Questão
An integral tyrosine kinase can be activated and then phosphorylates a target molecule such as an enzyme.
Questão 34
Questão
Lipophobic molecules can cross the PM and NM and bind to steroid receptors e.g. to boost transcription.
Questão 35
Questão
G-protein coupled receptors have ATPase activity that turns their activity off.
Questão 36
Questão
Cytokine receptors activate JAK that can phosphorylate targets and lead to signal pathways.