2693295
Descrição
Quiz por acbridges91, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por acbridges91
aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
|
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Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following is a correct sequence of level in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual cell?
Responda
-
nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell
-
brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue
-
organ system, tissue, molecule, cell
-
organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ
-
organ system, nervous tissue, brain
Questão 2
Questão
All the organisms on your campus make up
Responda
-
community
-
population
-
experimental gorup
-
ecosystem
-
taxonomic domain
Questão 3
Questão
The theory of evolution is a core them in biology.
Responda
-
True
-
False
Questão 4
Questão
New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy.
Responda
-
True
-
False
Questão 5
Questão
Systems biology is mainly an attempt to:
Responda
-
understand the behavior of entire biological systems
-
build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data
-
analyze genomes from different species
-
simplify complex problems by reducing the system into small, less complex units
-
speed up the technological application of scientific knowledge
Questão 6
Questão
Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?
Responda
-
emergent properties
-
the structure and function of DNA
-
natural selection
-
matching DNA nucleotides sequences
-
descent with modification
Questão 7
Questão
Who is credited for developing the theory of evolution in his famous 1859 book on the subject?
Responda
-
Charles Darwin
-
Thomas Jefferson
-
Benjamin Franklin
-
Barack Obama
Questão 8
Questão
The universal genetic language of DNA is common to virtually all organisms on Earth, however diverse. What is the best explanation for this fact?
Responda
-
The universal genetic language is explained by the chemistry of DNA and proteins
-
The universal nature of the genetic language of DNA is due to coincidence
-
All living things share a common genetic language of DNA because they share a common ancestry.
Questão 9
Questão
Select the correct statement about the process of scientific inquiry:
Responda
-
If the results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis that is tested, the experiment is badly designed
-
the goal of scientific research is to prove the stated hypothesis
-
it is possible to test hypotheses, such as those involving historical events, without conducting experiments
Questão 10
Questão
Which of these is an organ system?
Responda
-
stomach
-
mucosa
-
dog
-
digestive
-
gamete
Questão 11
Questão
DNA is composed of building blocks called
Responda
-
nucleic acids
-
Gs
-
nucleotides
-
adenines
-
amino acids
Questão 12
Questão
In eukaryotic cells DNA has the appearnce of a
Responda
-
single strand
-
letter u
-
double helix
-
triple helix
-
circle
Questão 13
Questão
Which of the following attributes is common to both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Responda
-
the use of proteins as information storage molecules
-
the use of DNA as the information storage molecule
-
a membrane-enclosed nucleus
-
membrane-enclosed organelles
-
generally about the same size
Questão 14
Questão
How does DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) encode information?
Responda
-
in the sequence of nucleotides
-
in the different shapes of the DNA molecule
-
the genes along the length of DNA molecules encode the information for building all the cell's other molecules
-
the DNA molecule is composed of many amino acids joined together to form a functional protein
-
in the number of each different nucleotide
Questão 15
Questão
To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
Responda
-
emergent properties
-
reductionism
-
evolution
-
feedback regulation
Questão 16
Questão
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
Responda
-
population
-
ecosystem
-
community
-
family
Questão 17
Questão
Which taxonomic domain includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms?
Responda
-
bacteria
-
archaea
-
plantae
-
fungi
-
eukarya
Questão 18
Questão
Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
Responda
-
structure of the nucleus
-
near universality of the genetic code
-
structure of chloroplasts
-
structure of cilia
Questão 19
Questão
Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
Responda
-
informatics
-
taxonomy
-
genomics
-
evolution
Questão 20
Questão
Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection
Responda
-
it requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success
-
it requires genetic variation
-
it results in descent with modification
-
it involves differential reproductive success
Questão 21
Questão
Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess ____.
Responda
-
non-heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment
-
heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment
-
non-heritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment
-
heritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment
Questão 22
Questão
Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species?
Responda
-
the book was widely discussed and disseminated
-
the publisher was pressured to cease distribution
-
the book was discredited by most scientists
-
the book was banned from schools
Questão 23
Questão
Darwin's finches, collected from the Galapagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
Responda
-
ancestors from different regions
-
vestigial anatomical structures
-
adaptive radiation
-
the accuracy of the fossil record
-
mutation frequency
Questão 24
Questão
In order for a hypothesis to be able to be used in science, which of the following must be true?
Responda
-
it must be proven correct
-
it must be reproducible
-
it is testable and falsifiable
-
it must be popularly accepted
-
it represents established facts
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following is true of a scientific theory?
Responda
-
it is a method or device that applies to scientific knowledge for some specific purpose
-
it must be demonstrate the effect of one variable by testing control groups and experimental groups
-
it generates testable hypotheses, is supported by a large body of evidence, and is broad in scope
-
it is formulated by many scientists over drinks at a convention
-
it is only accepted after the person who came up with it has died
Questão 26
Questão
About twenty-five of the ninety-two natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these twenty-five elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?
Responda
-
carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen
-
oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen
-
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
-
carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen
Questão 27
Questão
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Responda
-
iron is needed by all humans
-
all life requires the same essential elements
-
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements of living matter
-
some naturally occurring elements are toxic to organisms
Questão 28
Questão
Knowing the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following?
Responda
-
number of electrons in the element
-
number of protons plus neutrons in the element
-
number of protons plus electrons in the element
-
number of protons in the element
Questão 29
Questão
In what ways are elements in the same column of the periodic table the same? They have the same number of ____.
Responda
-
electrons in their valence shells when neutral
-
electron shells when neutral
-
protons
-
electrons when neutral
Questão 30
Questão
The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains ____.
Responda
-
8 neutrons
-
7 neutrons
-
8 protons
-
15 protons
Questão 31
Questão
From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosophorus atom has ___.
Responda
-
15 protons and 15 electrons
-
8 electrons in its outermost electron shell
-
15 neutrons and 15 protons
-
5 neutrons, 5 protons, and 5 electrons
Questão 32
Questão
Fluorine has an atomic number of 9. Which of the following would you do to a neutral fluorine atom to complete its valence shell?
Responda
-
remove 1 electron
-
add 1 electron
-
add 2 electrons
-
nothing. If fluorine is neutral, it has a complete valence shell
Questão 33
Questão
Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and a mass number of 35. Therefore, the calcium atom must have:
Responda
-
20 neutrons
-
15 neutrons
-
20 electrons
-
a, b, c
Questão 34
Questão
Isotopes are atoms that have:
Responda
-
different numbers of protons and not electrons
-
different numbers of protons and neutrons
-
different numbers of neutrons and electrons
-
different number of neutrons and not protons
Questão 35
Questão
A single molecule of water is held together by what type of bond
Responda
-
covalent
-
ionic
-
hydrogen
-
van der Waals interactions
Questão 36
Questão
Oxygen has an atomic number of 9 and most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?
Responda
-
approximately 8 daltons
-
approximately 8 grams
-
approximately 16 grams
-
approximately 16 daltons
Questão 37
Questão
If you change the number of neutrons in an atom, you create ____.
Responda
-
an isotope
-
a different element
-
a cation
-
an anion
Questão 38
Questão
Which of the following is the best description of an atom's physical structure?
Responda
-
The particles that form an atom are equidistant from each other
-
atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated at the center of the bubble
-
an atom is a solid mass of material
-
atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated on the outside surface of the bubble
Questão 39
Questão
What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that an oxygen atom with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen?
Responda
-
6
-
1
-
2
-
4
Questão 40
Questão
Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ____.
Responda
-
nonpolar covalent bonds.
-
hydrogen bonds
-
polar covalent bonds
-
ionic bonds
Questão 41
Questão
What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?
Responda
-
nonpolar covalent bond
-
hydrophobic interaction
-
polar covalent bond
-
ionic bond
Questão 42
Questão
How many electron pairs are shared between carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C2H4?
Responda
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
1
Questão 43
Questão
Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?
Responda
-
ionic bonds
-
ionic and hydrogen bonds
-
hydrogen bonds
-
covalent bonds between carbon atoms
Questão 44
Questão
Water molecules are attracted to one another by ____.
Responda
-
hydrophobic interactions
-
hydrogen bonds
-
ionic bonds
-
nonpolar covalent bonds
Questão 45
Questão
Van der Waals interactions may result when ____.
Responda
-
Molecules held by ionic bonds react with water
-
two polar covalent bonds react
-
electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule
-
a hydrogen atom loses an electron
Questão 46
Questão
What is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can be covalently bonded in a molecule containing two carbon atoms?
Responda
-
4
-
8
-
6
-
2
Questão 47
Questão
How many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond?
Responda
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
Questão 48
Questão
When are atoms most stable?
Responda
-
When they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons
-
When all electrons are paired
-
When they have the fewest possible valence electrons
-
When all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled
Questão 49
Questão
When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?
Responda
-
Nonpolar covalent bond
-
Hydrogen bond
-
Ionic Bond
-
Polar Covalent Bond
Questão 50
Questão
You need to represent a molecule to best illustrate the relative sizes of the atoms involved and their interrelationships. Which representation would work best?
Responda
-
ball-and-stick model
-
molecular formula
-
structural formula
-
space-filling model
Questão 51
Questão
Which property of water allows a paper towel to pick up a puddle of water?
Responda
-
water's high heat of vaporization
-
adhesion of water molecules to other kinds of molecules
-
water's high surface tension
Questão 52
Questão
Which property of water allows dogs to cool themselves by panting?
Responda
-
the formation of covalent bonds between water molecules
-
water's high heat of vaporization
-
water's high surface tension
Questão 53
Questão
Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?
Responda
-
wax
-
paper
-
table salt
-
pasta
-
sugar
Questão 54
Questão
We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their
Responda
-
mass in daltons
-
mass in grams
-
number of atoms
-
volume
-
number of molecules
Questão 55
Questão
The unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule makes the water molecule ____.
Responda
-
polar
-
change easily from a liquid to gaseous form
-
ionic
-
have a low surface tension
-
hydrophobic
Questão 56
Questão
The tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards itself is referred to as its ____.
Responda
-
electronegativity
-
tonicity
-
ionic potential
-
covalency
-
polarity
Questão 57
Questão
A substance that has affinity for water is said to be:
Responda
-
hydrophilic
-
hydrophobic
-
colloid
-
symbiotic
Questão 58
Questão
Water freezes at ______°C
Responda
-
100 °F
-
23 °F
-
100 °C
-
0 °C
Questão 59
Questão
The dissolving agent of a solution is the ____, and the substance that is dissolved is the _____?
Responda
-
water, salt
-
water, dissolution
-
solute, solvent
-
solvent, solute
Questão 60
Questão
Water molecules have a polarity, which allows them to be electrically attracted to other water molecules and other polar molecules by weak chemical bonds known as _____.
Responda
-
polar covalent bonds
-
hydrogen bonds
-
nonpolar covalent bonds
-
ionic bonds
-
Van der Waals interactions
Questão 61
Questão
In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ____.
Responda
-
polar covalent bonds
-
hydrogen bonds
-
nonpolar covalent bonds
-
ionic bonds
Questão 62
Questão
The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
Responda
-
a van der Waals interaction
-
an ionic bond
-
a hydrogen bond
Questão 63
Questão
Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with ____.
Responda
-
chloride ions
-
oils
-
oxygen gas (02) molecules
-
compounds that have polar covalent bonds
Questão 64
Questão
Many of water's emergent properties, such as its cohesion, its high specific heat, and its high heat of vaporization, result from the fact that water molecules ____.
Responda
-
are in constant motion
-
tend to repel each other
-
are attracted to each other by partial negative and positive charges on the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, respectively
-
are very small
-
are extremely large
Questão 65
Questão
Because organisms are primarily made of water, they resist rapid temperature changes. This useful quality is based on water's _____.
Responda
-
cohesion
-
buffering activity
-
high specific heat
-
ability to form colloids
-
lower density in the solid phase
Questão 66
Questão
Sodas typically contain sugar, flavorings, coloring agents, and carbon dioxide dissolved in water. The best term to describe this mixture would be ____.
Responda
-
a suspension
-
an aqueous solvent
-
a solute
-
a solvent
-
an aqueous solution
Questão 67
Questão
Which statement must be mentioned in explaining why amphipathic molecules line up at a water surface?
Responda
-
nonpolar groups attract one another
-
polar groups repel water
-
polar groups attract one another
-
nonpolar groups repel water
-
all of the above
Questão 68
Questão
Why doesn't oil mix with water?
Responda
-
nonpolar molecules repel water molecules
-
polar molecules repel nonpolar molecules
-
polar molecules attract one another
-
nonpolar molecules attract one another
-
both a and b
Questão 69
Questão
A solution is aqueous if...
Responda
-
water is a solute
-
it contains water
-
water is the solvent
-
it occurs in nature
-
none of the above
Questão 70
Questão
A 1 M solution contains...
Responda
-
one mole of solute per liter of solution
-
one mole of solute per liter of water
-
a one-to-one ratio of solute to solvent molecules
-
both b and c
-
none of the above
Questão 71
Questão
To act as an effective coolant in a car's radiator, a substance has to have the capacity to absorb a great deal of heat. You have a reference book with tables listing the physical properties of many liquids. In choosing a coolant for you car, which table would you check first?
Responda
-
pH
-
specific heat
-
heat of vaporization
-
density at room temperature
Questão 72
Questão
Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?
Responda
-
kinetic energy in the liquid water decreases
-
molecular collisions in the drink increase
-
a calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink
-
the specific heat of the water in the drink decreases.
Questão 73
Questão
Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are _____.
Responda
-
polar substances that have an affinity for water
-
polar substances that repel water molecules
-
nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules
-
nonpolar substance that repel water molecules
Questão 74
Questão
Which characteristic of water molecules directly contributes to the remarkable "water walking" success of aquatic insects?
Responda
-
high surface tension
-
capillary action
-
high specific heat
-
imbibition
-
high density
Questão 75
Questão
An acid is a substance that
Responda
-
increases the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution
-
is a versatile solvent
-
forms covalent bonds with other substances
-
contains hydrogen
-
reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Questão 76
Questão
The element present in all organic molecules is ____.
Responda
-
oxygen
-
carbon
-
hydrogen
-
nitrogen
Questão 77
Questão
The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to _____.
Responda
-
the chemical versatility of carbon atoms
-
the variety of rare elements in organic molecules
-
the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen
-
their interaction with water
Questão 78
Questão
Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the _____.
Responda
-
sizes of the organic molecules in each organism
-
types of inorganic compounds present in each organism
-
types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism
-
elemental composition from organism to organism
Questão 79
Questão
Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that ____.
Responda
-
life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules
-
life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes
-
the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life
-
organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth
Questão 80
Questão
Which of the following is true of carbon?
Responda
-
it can form both polar and nonpolar bonds
-
it can form a maximum of three covalent bonds with other elements
-
it is highly electronegative
-
it forms only polar molecules
Questão 81
Questão
Why is carbon so important in biology?
Responda
-
It bonds to only a few other elements
-
it can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups
-
it is common element on Earth
-
it has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor
Questão 82
Questão
How many electron pairs does carbon share to complete its valence shell?
Responda
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
8
Questão 83
Questão
A carbon atom is most likely to from what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?
Responda
-
ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds
-
ionic
-
covalent
-
hydrogen
Questão 84
Questão
Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?
Responda
-
they have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images
-
they have the same chemical properties
-
they have different molecular formulas
-
they have variations in arrangement around a double bond
Questão 85
Questão
Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relive inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that ____.
Responda
-
have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons
-
differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds
-
are mirror images of each other
-
differ in the location of their double bonds
Questão 86
Questão
Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of cabon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will ____.
Responda
-
be more flexible in structure
-
be more constrained in structure
-
be more polar
-
have more hydrogen atoms
Questão 87
Questão
Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms cannot ____.
Responda
-
have different combinations of double bonds between carbon atoms
-
have different positions of double bonds between carbons atoms
-
form enantiomers
-
have a branching carbon skeleton
Questão 88
Questão
Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that _____.
Responda
-
are mirror images of one another
-
are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity
-
are cis-trans isomers
-
have identical three-dimensional shapes
Questão 89
Questão
Which of the functional groups below acts most like an acid in water?
Responda
-
amino
-
carbonyl
-
carboxyl
-
hydroxyl
Questão 90
Questão
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
Responda
-
carbonyl and amino groups
-
hydroxyl and carboxyl groups
-
carboxyl and amino groups
-
amino and sulfhydryl groups
Questão 91
Questão
Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
Responda
-
carboxyl
-
phosphate
-
amino
-
carbonyl
Questão 92
Questão
Which chemical group can act as an acid?
Responda
-
methyl
-
carboxyl
-
carbonyl
-
amino
Questão 93
Questão
What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure below?
Responda
-
aldehyde
-
carbonyl
-
ketone
-
carboxyl
Questão 94
Questão
Which molecule shown above contains an amino functional group, but is NOT an amino acid?
Responda
-
A
-
B
-
C
-
D
Questão 95
Questão
Which of the following is a FALSE statement concerning amino groups? Amino groups ____.
Responda
-
are nonpolar
-
are basic with respect to pH
-
are found in amino acids
-
contain nitrogen
Questão 96
Questão
Form = Function
Responda
-
True
-
False
Questão 97
Questão
Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
Responda
-
the temperature decreased from 20 °C to 15 °C
-
the plant's height is 25 centimeters (cm)
-
the six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks
-
the contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds
-
the fish swam in a zigzag motion
Questão 98
Questão
What is the pH of a neutral aqueous solution?
Responda
-
8
-
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
Questão 99
Questão
Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into
Responda
-
carbon dioxide and water
-
kinetic energy
-
oxygen
-
the energy of motion
-
the potential energy of chemical bonds
Questão 100
Questão
Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. the increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?
Responda
-
a bioinformatics system
-
positive feedback
-
negative feedback
-
feedback inhibition
-
enzymatic catalysis
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