3349416
Questão 1
Questão
What type of cellular adaptation is seen in this picture? (Hint: it's the prostate)
Responda
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Questão 2
Questão
What type of cellular adaptation is seen in this organ?
Responda
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Questão 3
Questão
The heart can undergo both hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 4
Questão
What type of cellular adaptation is seen in this picture?
Responda
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Questão 5
Questão
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding metaplasia?
Responda
-
Most common change is columnar --> squamous
-
The new cell type is better capable of enduring the stressful environment
-
It is an irreversible process
-
It occurs in respiratory epithelium
Questão 6
Questão
The thyroid pictured on the right has undergone hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 7
Questão
Myocardial hypertrophy is always pathologic.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 8
Questão
This patient with tonsilitis shows cells that have undergone:
Responda
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Questão 9
Questão
Vitamin A deficiency is associated with atrophy because the cells need Vitamin A for differentiation of specialized epithelium.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 10
Questão
Which of the following is not associated with Hypoxemia?
Responda
-
Insufficient Oxygen
-
Ischemia
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Hyperventilation
-
Pneumonia
Questão 11
Questão
Budd-Chiari Syndrome is an example of hypoperfusion of the tissue with blood leading to reduced supply of oxygen and substrates for glycolysis.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 12
Questão
Methemoglobinemia can cause hypoxemia by creating a ventilation perfusion mismatch.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 13
Questão
Which of the following is NOT associated with reversible changes of cell injury.
Responda
-
Karyorrhexis
-
ER swelling
-
Plasma membrane blebbing
-
Myelin figures in the cytoplasm
Questão 14
Questão
Which term best describes the nuclear changes shown?
Responda
-
Pyknosis: shrinkage and increased basophilia due to chromatin condensation
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Karyorrhexis: fragmentation of pyknotic nuclei
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Karyolysis: Decreased nuclear basophilia due to DNA degradation by nucleases
-
Loss of nuclei
Questão 15
Questão
What are the 2 main events that characterize irreversible cell injury ?
Responda
-
Disturbances in the membrane function and activation of the complement system
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Glycogenolysis and increased pH in the interstitial fluid
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and breakdown of cell membrane
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Loss of microvilli and detachment of ribosomes from the ER
Questão 16
Questão
These hepatocytes have undergone reversible cell injury.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 17
Questão
What type of necrosis is demonstrated in these images?
Responda
-
Gangrenous
-
Coagulative
-
Fat
-
Caseous
Questão 18
Questão
Liquefactive necrosis only occurs in the brain.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 19
Questão
What is the type of necrosis demonstrated by these images?
Responda
-
Liquefactive
-
Fat
-
Coagulative
-
Caseous
Questão 20
Questão
Wet-gangrene is a superimposed bacterial infection in an area with necrosis due to loss of blood supply (coagulative necrosis).
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 21
Questão
Which of the following is NOT associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species?
Responda
-
Radiation
-
The electron transport chain
-
Leukocytes
-
Methylene blue
Questão 22
Questão
Ischemia-Reperfusion injuries can happen when blood flow is restored to ischemic viable tissue which is reversibly injured.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 23
Questão
Antioxidants, chelators, and catalase are all examples of mechanisms that can remove ROS
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 24
Questão
Dystrophic calcification occurs in dead/dying tissues in the absence of systemic hypercalcemia. Cell loses ability to regulate intracellular calcium and crystalline calcium phosphate forms.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following is an exogenous pigment?
Responda
-
Hemosiderin
-
Lipofuscin
-
Carbon
-
Melanin
Questão 26
Questão
Which disease of premature aging has mutation in LMNA gene. The defective protein Progerin accumulates in the nucleus. Male pattern baldness, atherosclerosis and CAD are common with lifespans less than 10 years.
Responda
-
Bernard Soulier
-
Hutchinson Guilford Progeria
-
Factor V Mutation/Leiden Mutation
-
Kleinfelter's Syndrome
Questão 27
Questão
Werner Syndrome is a disease of premature aging due to a mutation in the WRN gene, which plays a role in telomere length maintenance and processing DNA damage.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 28
Questão
Inflammation is a hallmark of apoptosis.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 29
Questão
Which of the following are not associated with physiologic apoptosis?
Responda
-
The de-webbing of fingers during embryogenesis
-
The shedding of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle
-
The elimination of mutated genes that accumulate misfolded proteins
-
The elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes
Questão 30
Questão
Which of the following is NOT a main pathway in the initiation of apoptosis
Responda
-
Mitochondrial
-
Death-receptor mediated
-
Ubiquitin degradation
-
Cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell
Questão 31
Questão
Uterine serous carcinoma is an aggressive cancer with a possible alteration of p53 in the pathogenesis. Mutated p53 is incapable of inducing apoptosis and therefore cells with damaged DNA can continue to proliferate and undergo malignant transformation.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 32
Questão
Which of the following is not a trigger for inflammation?
Responda
-
Injury
-
Insult
-
Integrins
-
Infection
Questão 33
Questão
Which of the following is a component of the acute inflammatory response?
Responda
-
Response time of days to years
-
Vascular proliferation and scarring
-
Fluid and plasma exudation
-
High specificity
Questão 34
Questão
Which statement is incorrect?
Responda
-
Calor and rubor are caused by vasodilation
-
Tumor is due to decreased vascular permeability
-
Dolor is an outcome of the kinin cascade
-
Histamine release can cause rubor
Questão 35
Questão
Which is incorrect regarding platelets?
Responda
-
They are formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
-
They contain a pyknotic nuclei
-
They contain dense granules and alpha granules
-
They are part of the primary hemostatic plug
Questão 36
Questão
Which cells are likely to be seen in an allergic reaction?
Responda
-
Mast Cells
-
Eosinophils
-
Macrophages
-
Lymphocytes
Questão 37
Questão
Which statement is correct regarding mast cells?
Responda
-
They have cytoplasmic granules with lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, and major basic protein
-
They are also called polymorphonuclear cells
-
They are widely distributed throughout connective tissue
-
They can differentiate into dendritic cells
Questão 38
Questão
Transudates are high in protein and come from inflammation.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 39
Questão
Which is not a pathway in the complement system?
Responda
-
Classical Pathway
-
Alternative Pathway
-
Mitochondrial (Intrinsic) Pathway
-
Lectin Pathway
Questão 40
Questão
Which factors are invovled with chemotaxis, recruitment and activation of leukocytes?
Responda
-
C3a & C5a
-
C5b complexs
-
C3a & C3b
-
IgG & IgM
Questão 41
Questão
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) results in complement-mediated lysis of RBCs due to which of the following mechanisms/defects?
Responda
-
Loss of Hageman Factor (Factor VII)
-
Deficiency of the C1 inhibitor
-
Excessive production of the Membrane Attack Complex
-
Deficient plama lectin the the mannose binding lectin pathway
Questão 42
Questão
Which of the following is not a step in leukocyte Recruitment?
Responda
-
Adhesion
-
Transmigration
-
Transformation
-
Margination
Questão 43
Questão
During the resolution phase of acute inflammation, neutrophils undergo apoptosis.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 44
Questão
The umbilical cord taking longer to separate after the baby is born may be a sign of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 45
Questão
Impaired fusion of phagosome with lysosomes, disordered trafficking of organelles, giant granules in leukocytes, and neutropenia are all symptoms of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome.
Responda
- True
- False
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