9) SM HISTORY OF LIFE AND EARTH (THE CHANGING EARTH)

Question 1

Is the following statement about the big bang theory true or false?

11000 million years ago, all the components of the Universe were concentrated at a very low temperature.

Accepted Answer

false

Answer

true

Question 2

Is the following statement about the big bang theory true or false?

The Milky Way, it is a nebula that began to form 900 million years ago.

Accepted Answer

false

Answer

true

Question 3

Is the following statement about the big bang theory true or false?

The mutual attraction between planetesimals, generated bigger and bigger asteroids that transformed into planets and satellites.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 4

Which school of thought maintains that  geological proceses are continous, slow and difficult to perceive?

Accepted Answer

Uniformitarianism.

Answer

Actualism

Answer

Catastrophism.

Answer

Neocatastrophism.

Question 5

What is the study of Dendrochronology?

Accepted Answer

The age of trees

Answer

The age of Glaciars

Answer

The age of rocks

Answer

The age of rivers

Question 6

Which of  these periods started 540 million years ago?

Accepted Answer

CAMBRIAN

Answer

SILURIAN

Answer

PERMIAN

Answer

DEVONIAN

Question 7

How long did the ARCHEAN Eon last?

Accepted Answer

2 100 million years

Answer

120 million years

Answer

200 million years

Answer

1200 million years

Question 8

Which animals became extinct in the PERMIAN period?

Accepted Answer

Trilobites.

Answer

Brachiopods.

Answer

Winged insects

Answer

Ostracoderms

Question 9

In which period did the animal colonization of dry land  by insects and amphibians start?

Accepted Answer

DEVONIAN

Answer

ORDOVICIAN

Answer

CAMBRIAN

Answer

PERMIAN

Question 10

Into which periods is the MESOZOIC Era divided?

Accepted Answer

Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous

Answer

Paleogene, Cretaceous and Permian

Answer

Ordovician, Jurassic and Permian.

Answer

Paleogene, Silurian and Triassic.

Question 11

What happened during the Neogene Period?

Accepted Answer

Mammals became the dominant group of terrestrial ecosystems.

Answer

The hominids evolved into the present species: Homo sapiens.

Answer

The first primates appeared.

Answer

The Antartic became completely isolated and began to be covered by glaciers.

Question 12

How are ozone molecules formed?

Accepted Answer

By the reaction between atmospheric oxygen and UVA rays.

Answer

By the union of several molecules of hydrogen.

Answer

By the breaking down of a water molecule in low pressure conditions in the atmosphere.

Answer

It can't be produced because it's a chemical element.

Question 13

What is the name of the entity that James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis proposed as a living thing capable of self-regulation and which gives its name to the hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Gaia.

Answer

Pangea.

Answer

Pachamama.

Answer

Gea.

Question 14

Place each period of  the Phanerozoic eon in the correct place.

Accepted Answer

QUATERNARY

Accepted Answer

NEOGENE

Accepted Answer

PALEOGENE

Accepted Answer

CRETACEOUS

Accepted Answer

JURASSIC

Accepted Answer

TRIASSIC

Accepted Answer

PERMIAN

Accepted Answer

CARBONIFEROUS

Accepted Answer

DEVONIAN

Accepted Answer

SILURIAN

Accepted Answer

ORDOVICIAN

Accepted Answer

CAMBRIAN

Question 15

Radioactive isotopes and the study of glacial varves are used as relative dating methods.

Accepted Answer

false

Answer

true

Question 16

Fossils are the remains of living things or their activity conserved in the rocks.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 17

The ceiling and wall of a stratum are the surfaces that limit it from the bottom to the top respectively.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 18

Cyanobacteria or green-blue algae were the first organisms to carry out photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 19

Glaciations are periods of warm climate that alternate sporadically in the history of our planet.

Accepted Answer

false

Answer

true

Question 20

The greenhouse effect produces a progressive warming that can cause  irreversible damage to life on the planet.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 21

Which of the following theories is not a theory of  the evolution of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

d) Impressionism

Answer

a) Catastrophism

Answer

b) Actualism

Answer

c) Uniformism

Question 22

Geological dating consists of .

Accepted Answer

a) Dating geological structures and the processes that affect them.

Answer

b) The continuous change of the aspect of the Earth.

Answer

c) Explaining the evolution of the Earth as a slow, continuous process.

Answer

d) None of them are correct.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a method of Absolute dating?

Accepted Answer

d) Segmentation

Answer

a) The study of Glacial varves

Answer

b) Dendrochronology

Answer

c) Radiometric methods

Question 24

The planetesimal theory is:

Accepted Answer

a) A theory that explains the origin of the solar system.

Answer

b) A theory that explains the origin of Life on Earth

Answer

c) A legend that explains the origin of the Universe

Answer

d) A mathematical law

Question 25

Stratigraphy, the study of strata, allows us to date the age of rocks and  fossils found in rocks  in a [blank_start]RELATIVE[blank_end] way. For this purpose we will use the following principles:

• The law of superpostition:   The lower strata are in general OLDER than the upper strata.

• The principle  of FLORAL AND FAUNAL succession: The fossils of living things in the lower strata are OLDER than the fossils in the upper strata.

• The Principle of continuity: A stratum is approximately, the same age along all its LENGTH. 
• Principio de identidad PALEONTOLÓGICA : Dos conjuntos de estratos que tienen fósiles idénticos son de la
misma edad.
La datación basada en estos principios recibe el nombre de ABSOLUTA , pues no permite conocer la
edad real de las rocas y sus fósiles sino únicamente aventurar cuales son más antiguas y cuáles más modernas.
Como se basa en los estratos únicamente podremos datar las rocas ESTRATIGRÁFICAS y metamórficas.

Accepted Answer

RELATIVE

Question 26

The principal index or dating fossils are:
• [blank_start]TRILOBYTES[blank_end] index fossil in the primary era  (570 m.y to 65 m.y) .
• [blank_start]AMMONITES[blank_end] index fossil in the secondary era (230 m.y. to 65 m.y.).
• [blank_start]NUMMULITES[blank_end] index fossil in the terciary era (65 m.y to the present day)

Accepted Answer

TRILOBYTES

Accepted Answer

AMMONITES

Accepted Answer

NUMMULITES

Question 27

Index fossils are characteristic of a certain age and so they are very useful because they allow us to [blank_start]DATE[blank_end] the [blank_start]ROCKS[blank_end]  in which they are found.
The characteristics of an index fossil are the following:
- They lived in a relatively  [blank_start]BRIEF[blank_end] time period.
- They have a wide [blank_start]GEOGRAPHICAL[blank_end] distribution.
- They are very abundant, because they [blank_start]FOSSILISED[blank_end] easily.

Accepted Answer

DATE

Accepted Answer

ROCKS

Accepted Answer

BRIEF

Accepted Answer

GEOGRAPHICAL

Accepted Answer

FOSSILISED

Question 28

The importance of fossils

- From a biological point of view, fossils are important because they 
 allow us to know how  the [blank_start]EVOLUTION[blank_end] process of living things happened.

- From a geological point of view, fossils are important because they allow us to know the [blank_start]AGE[blank_end] of the rocks in which they are found.

Accepted Answer

EVOLUTION

Accepted Answer

AGE

Question 29

Complete the text with the missing words.

The Earth's average temperature is [blank_start]14[blank_end] ºC;  This is one of the factors that makes the existence of life possible. This temperature is due in part to the [blank_start]GREENHOUSE[blank_end] effect, which exists thanks to the presence of gases such as carbon dioxide or [blank_start]WATER[blank_end] [blank_start]VAPOUR[blank_end] in the atmosphere.
Human beings have changed this balance. Since the [blank_start]INDUSTRIAL[blank_end] [blank_start]REVOLUTION[blank_end]  the amount of atmospheric CO2 has increased considerably because of the huge use of [blank_start]FOSSIL[blank_end] fuels.

Accepted Answer

14

Accepted Answer

GREENHOUSE

Accepted Answer

WATER

Accepted Answer

VAPOUR

Accepted Answer

INDUSTRIAL

Accepted Answer

REVOLUTION

Accepted Answer

FOSSIL

Question 30

Relate each event with the correct period:

a)  The appearance of flowering  plants, Angiosperms..[blank_start]CRETACIAN[blank_end]
b) The diversification of echinoderms and corals ..[blank_start]PALEOGENE[blank_end]
c) The appearance of the first mammals ..[blank_start]JURASSIC[blank_end]
d) The proliferation of ferns and gymnosperms.. [blank_start]CARBONIFEROUS[blank_end]

Accepted Answer

CRETACIAN

Accepted Answer

PALEOGENE

Accepted Answer

JURASSIC

Accepted Answer

CARBONIFEROUS

Question 31

Click and Drag each era of  the Fanerozoic eon  to the corresponding text.

The climate was changing from dry to humid during the..[blank_start]MESOZOIC ERA[blank_end]

During the [blank_start]CENOZOIC ERA[blank_end], the climate  was still warm until 40 m.y ago when the Antartic was completely isolated and began to be covered by glaciers.

At the end of the [blank_start]PALEOZOIC ERA[blank_end], the continents collided and formed a supercontinent called Pangea.

Accepted Answer

MESOZOIC ERA

Accepted Answer

CENOZOIC ERA

Accepted Answer

PALEOZOIC ERA

Question 32

Click and drag the Eon to the corresponding event:

The appearance of the first prokariotic cells....[blank_start]ARCHEAN EON[blank_end]

The fragmentation of Rodinia to form several different continents distinct from the present ones, that moved and collided producing the caledonian and hercynian orogeny ...[blank_start]FANEROZOIC ERA[blank_end]

The appearance of the first Eukaryotic organisms...[blank_start]PROTEROZOIC ERA[blank_end]

The formation of an atmosphere rich in water vapour , nitrogen, and carbon dioxide due to the intense volcanic activity.. [blank_start]HADEAN ERA[blank_end]

Accepted Answer

ARCHEAN EON

Accepted Answer

FANEROZOIC ERA

Accepted Answer

PROTEROZOIC ERA

Accepted Answer

HADEAN ERA

Question 33

The history of the Earth is a succession of  huge,  violent, cataclismic events that produced the formation of mountain ranges,  changes in sea level and the disappearance of living things.[blank_start]................[blank_end]

Accepted Answer

CATASTROPHISM

Answer

UNIFORMISM

Answer

NEOCATASTROPHISM

Answer

ACTUALISM

Question 34

The processes that occur in the present day also existed in the past but with different rhythms. Slow,  continous processes should alternate with rapid, sudden changes.[blank_start]............[blank_end]

Accepted Answer

NEOCATASTROPHISM

Answer

ACTUALISM

Answer

CATASTROPHISM

Answer

UNIFORMISM

Question 35

Past geological events happened in the same way as in the present day. This allows us to use the experience of the present to reconstruct the past and predict  future events[blank_start]................[blank_end]

Accepted Answer

ACTUALISM

Answer

CATASTROPHISM

Answer

NEOCATASTROPHISM

Answer

UNIFORMISM

Question 36

Geological processes or events are uniform, that is to say they are slow, continous and dificult to perceive. So, there weren't any suddent or violent changes.[blank_start]........[blank_end]

Accepted Answer

UNIFORMISM

Answer

ACTUALISM

Answer

CATASTROPHISM

Answer

NEOCATASTROPHISM

Question 37

The fossils exclusive or characteristic of a particular epoch are called [blank_start]GUIDE[blank_end] fossils.
[blank_start]DENDROCHRONOLOGY[blank_end]  is the study of the age of trees  analysing the annual growth rings of their  trunks.
[blank_start]RADIOMETRIC[blank_end] methods are based on the spontaneous desintegration of  unstable radioactive isotopes that change into other more stable elements. 
[blank_start]GLACIAL  VARVES[blank_end]  are layers of sediments produced in glacial lakes alternating between clear and dark layers.

Accepted Answer

GUIDE

Accepted Answer

RADIOMETRIC

Accepted Answer

GLACIAL VARVES

Accepted Answer

DENDROCHRONOLOGY

Question 38

What is the chronological order for the appearance of the three most important phenomena in the process of  hominization that has allowed the evolution of humans?
A The acquisition of  speech.
 B Bipedalism.
C The increase in cranial volume .

Accepted Answer

B,C,A

Answer

A,B,C

Answer

B,A,C

Question 39

Complete the sentence with one of the following options:

The  Organisms that changed  the history of the planet Earth  forever by producing Oxygen  and consuming  Carbon dioxide were the…”.

Accepted Answer

First photosynthesising bacteria.

Answer

Flowering plants.

Answer

First multicellular organisms.

Answer

First photosynthesising primitive fungi.

Question 40

Which of the following facts demostrate that the Earth's atmosphere has changed throughout its history?

Accepted Answer

The petrified Carbon dioxide found in stromatolitic chalk.

Answer

The formation of the Pannotia continent

Answer

The appearance of the first hominids.

Answer

Tha Cambrian explosion of life in the first Paleozoic period.

Question 41

[blank_start]Stratigraphy[blank_end], the study of strata, allows us to date the age of rocks and fossils found in rocks in a [blank_start]RELATIVE[blank_end] way. For this purpose we will use the following principles:

• The law of superposition : The lower strata are in general [blank_start]OLDER[blank_end] than the upper strata.

• The principle of [blank_start]FLORAL AND FAUNAL[blank_end] succession: The fossils of living things in the lower strata are [blank_start]OLDER[blank_end] than the fossils in the upper strata.

• The Principle of continuity: A stratum is approximately, the same age along all its [blank_start]LENGTH[blank_end].
• Principle of [blank_start]PALENTOLOGICAL IDENTITY[blank_end]. Two different layers that have the same fossil are from the same age.
The data based on these principles is called  [blank_start]ABSOLUTE[blank_end], because it allows us not only  to know the real age of rocks and fossils but also to estimate which are older and which are more recent.

This type of data, based only on the existing strata, only allows us to date  [blank_start]STRATIGRAPHIC[blank_end] AND metamorphic rocks.

Accepted Answer

Stratigraphy

Accepted Answer

RELATIVE

Accepted Answer

OLDER

Accepted Answer

FLORAL AND FAUNAL

Accepted Answer

OLDER

Accepted Answer

LENGTH

Accepted Answer

PALENTOLOGICAL IDENTITY

Accepted Answer

ABSOLUTE

Accepted Answer

STRATIGRAPHIC

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