Physiology exam 2022 - Cycle 1

Question

Which of the following statements properly describe hormones produced in hypothalamus:

Answer 1

TSH is produced from hypothalamus to bind to its receptor of the cellular membrane of the thyroid cell

Answer 2

CRH from hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary cells to liberate FSH and LH

Answer 3

Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus increases liberation of oxytocin in positive feedback in response mechanism stimulation of the uterine cervix. it initiates and supports uterine contraction

Answer 4

Liberation of CRH is controlled by corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol in mechanism negative feedback

Answer 5

Most CO2 is transported in form of carbaminians and carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 6

Bicarbonate binds reversibly heme moiety of hemoglobin

Answer 7

Most CO2 is converted to bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase of erythrocyte

Answer 8

Part of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin forming carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 9

Specific heat of water is low. Because of this reason water is excellent heat conductor

Answer 10

Water is an excellent solvent because of its polar molecule

Answer 11

Water easily passes across cellular membrane through non-gated channel for cations

Answer 12

Vasopressin controls synthesis of the protein-AQP2 and its insertion to the apical membrane of the cells of the collecting ducts in kidney. AQP2 performs active transport.

Answer 13

Adipose tissue is the least hydrated tissue

Answer 14

1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 15

3, 2, 4, 1

Answer 16

3, 4, 2, 1

Answer 17

1, 4, 2, 3

Answer 18

Sphingosine 1-phosphate derived from their plasma membrane is a strong chemoattractant agent mobilizing HSC from bone marrow niches

Answer 19

Sphingosine 1 -phosphate derived from their plasma membrane is a strong chemoattractant agent facilitating homing of HSC in bone marrow niches

Answer 20

Nitric oxide liberated from hemoglobin in tissues, facilitates vasodilation improving blood supply

Answer 21

Carbonic anhydrase of erythrocytes reduces hemoglobin, improving oxygen supply to tissues

Answer 22

2,3-DPG increases affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and decreases oxygen utilization

Answer 23

Water soluble substances are transported through the cellular direction of such a diffusion depends on a chemical gradient

Answer 24

Na+ passes through the nicotinic receptor which is a ligand

Answer 25

Facilitated diffusion of hydrophobic substances easily

Answer 26

Glucose transporters GLUT are examples of system

Answer 27

Rise of the concentration 2,3 DPG

Answer 28

Rise of pH

Answer 29

Decline of the pCO2-

Answer 30

Rise to the body temperature

Answer 31

it is a ratio of volume of all erythrocyte to the volume of the whole blood

Answer 32

It is proportionate to plasma concentration of globulin

Answer 33

it should not exceed 15mm/h in healthy adults. It is much higher in infectious diseases and cancer

Answer 34

It is proportionate to packed cell volume (PCV, Hematocrit)

Answer 35

It can easily produce agglutination of erythrocyte in room temperature

Answer 36

It can cross blood placenta barrier

Answer 37

It can bind complement

Answer 38

It has two antigen binding sites

Answer 39

it's a secretory immunoglobulin

Answer 40

They contain fetal hemoglobin which is replaced by the adult type of hemoglobin during first weeks of life

Answer 41

Their shape is more spherical; they have small fragments of cellular nuclei

Answer 42

The characterize with lower affinity for oxygen than erythrocyte with adult hemoglobin

Answer 43

Their expression of antigens of ABO system is lower (they have less antigens of ABO systems on their erythrocyte)

Answer 44

All muscarinic receptors are g-protein coupled receptors.

Answer 45

Some of the cholinergic receptors are tyrosine kinase

Answer 46

Some of them are ionotropic receptors of the postsynaptic membrane of the autonomic ganglia

Answer 47

Activation of muscarinic receptors rises activity of the adenylyl cyclase

Answer 48

Glycine receptor is one of best known example of the g-protein

Answer 49

They are all metabotropic receptors

Answer 50

They are metabotropic receptors able to autophosphorylate

Answer 51

They activates synthesis of intracellular messengers such as cAMP

Answer 52

PTH receptor

Answer 53

IP3 receptor

Answer 54

IGF receptor

Answer 55

Adrenergic receptor

Answer 56

It is a ligand-gated sodium channel

Answer 57

Activity of this receptor brings IPSP to the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction

Answer 58

It is a channel for small cations and anions. It is blocked by nicotine

Answer 59

Two molecules of a natural agonist are bound to alpha-subunits of the receptor

Answer 60

It inhibits activity of plasma factors 4 and 5.

Answer 61

It activates natural anticoagulant protein of platelet

Answer 62

It inhibits activity of activated Stuart factor and thrombin (factor X and II)

Answer 63

It facilitates adhesion and aggregation of platelet

Answer 64

It performs proteolytic degradation of activated factor I

Answer 65

Most known action of TxA2 are mediated by its own receptor which is a ligand

Answer 66

TxA2 intensifies degranulation of platelet (release of the content of granules)

Answer 67

It facilitates aggregation of platelet

Answer 68

It produces vascular contraction

Answer 69

It activates fibrinolysis

Answer 70

Tissue thromboplastin

Answer 71

Antithrombin III

Answer 72

Fibrinogen

Answer 73

Fibrin deposition

Answer 74

Prolonged clotting time

Answer 75

Prolonged APTT(activated partial thromboplastin time)

Answer 76

Prolonged bleeding time

Answer 77

Prolonged prothrombin time (increased INR)

Answer 78

Prolonged thrombin time

Answer 79

They can be activated by heparin

Answer 80

They adhere to intact vessel in presence of heparin

Answer 81

They are activated by tissue thromboplastin

Answer 82

Their activity is irreversibly inhibited by aspirin

Answer 83

They adhere to sub-endothelial collagen and non-collagen glycoprotein

Answer 84

It intensifies both calcium and phosphate reabsorption

Answer 85

It increases concentration of phosphate in plasma of bloods

Answer 86

It increases activity of 1a-hydroxylase in kidneys

Answer 87

It decreases reabsorption of calcium from gastrointestinal tract

Answer 88

It is prolonged in people treated with heparin

Answer 89

It depends on the number of platelets

Answer 90

It depends on the state of the vascular wall

Answer 91

It tests processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation

Answer 92

MHC class II is presented on their membrane

Answer 93

In effect of antigenic stimulation, they form plasma cell and secrete immunoglobulin

Answer 94

They are formed mainly in thymus

Answer 95

They mediate cellular immunity

Answer 96

The sequence of amino acids of both the A antigen and B antigen

Answer 97

Enzyme transferase that catalyzes placement of N-acerylgalactosamine onto H antigen

Answer 98

Enzyme transferase that catalyzes placement of fucose forming H Antigen

Answer 99

Enzyme transferase that catalyzes placement of N-acetylalactosamine onto D Antigen

Answer 100

Enzyme transferase that catalyzes placement of D-galactose onto H antigen

Answer 101

The child is the natural offspring of this couple

Answer 102

The mother is natural, the father is not the natural father

Answer 103

The father is natural and the mother is not the natural mother

Answer 104

Blood type in ABO system is A

Answer 105

Blood type in ABO system is B

Answer 106

Blood type in ABO system is AB

Answer 107

Child is Rh- Positive

Answer 108

Volume of plasma is improper and equals 10 liters, the possible reason is over hydration or hypervolemia

Answer 109

Volume of plasma is proper and equals 3.2-3,5 liters. Water homeostasis is maintained

Answer 110

Volume of extracellular fluid is proper and equals 10 liters. Water homeostasis is maintained.

Answer 111

Volume of extracellular is improper and equals 10 liters. The possible reason is dehydration

Answer 112

Muscarinic receptor are coupled to phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase

Answer 113

GABAb receptor is an example of metabotropic receptor

Answer 114

Tyrosine kinase receptors are metabotropic receptor able to autophosphorylates after binding their ligands

Answer 115

Some adrenergic receptors are tyrosine kinase receptors

Answer 116

Binding of insulin to G protein of the insulin receptor initiates process of activation of adenylyl cyclase

Answer 117

Extracellular ligands bind to G-protein coupled receptors which in turn activate particular G protein

Answer 118

Inhibitory G protein (Gi protien) is coupled to carbonic anhydrase of some cells

Answer 119

The G-protein activates a cascade of signaling events that finally results in a change in cell functions

Answer 120

Ryanodine receptor

Answer 121

Rhodopsin receptor

Answer 122

PTH receptor

Answer 123

Nicotine receptor

Answer 124

Dopamine decreases liberation of from APG in mechanism of negative feedback

Answer 125

Liberation of corticoliberin (CRH) from APG is stimulated by corticotropin (ACTH)

Answer 126

TSH is liberated from APG. TSH binds its metatropic receptor of the membrane of the thyroid cell

Answer 127

GnRH (gonadoliberin) from hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary cells to secrete FSH and LH

Answer 128

Prolactin is produced by supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus and liberated by the anterior pituitary

Answer 129

It mediates vasoconstriction

Answer 130

It decreases reabsorption of sodium ions in kidneys

Answer 131

It stimulates secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex

Answer 132

It increases heart rate

Answer 133

It produces contraction of the uterus

Answer 134

It binds to the ligand-gated sodium channel of smooth muscle cells of the uterus

Answer 135

It is responsible for milk ejection due to contraction of myoepithelial cells

Answer 136

It has galactopoietic activity -it stimulates production of milk

Answer 137

Increased arterial pressure

Answer 138

Reduced volume of ECF and hypoperfusion of the kidney

Answer 139

Decreased load of distal tubular fluid (NaCl) in area of the macula densa (of the distal tubule)

Answer 140

Increased volume of ECF (hypervolemina)

Answer 141

1, 2, 4, 3

Answer 142

1, 3, 2, 4

Answer 143

4, 2, 3, 1

Answer 144

1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 145

Na/K ATPase exchanges 2 sodium ions for 1 potassium ion. Each such exchange requires 2 ATP molecules

Answer 146

Co-transportation of glucose and sodium ions requires previous action of Na/K-ATPase. Such the mechanism is an example of secondary active transport

Answer 147

Calcium ions are actively pumped into cellular cytosol by the calcium ATP-ase. This mechanism maintains higher concentration of calcium in cellular cytosol than in ECF

Answer 148

Active transport mechanism are able to move substances against concentration gradient

Answer 149

Rise of liberation of histamine from mast cells

Answer 150

Rise of gluconeogenesis

Answer 151

Rise of plasma concentration free fatty acids

Answer 152

Intensification of catecholamine-dependent bronchodilation

Answer 153

Extracellular ligand such as glycine

Answer 154

Change of the electrical potential of the cellular membrane

Answer 155

Mechanical deformation of the cell

Answer 156

Second messenger such as IP3

Answer 157

Beta-adrenergic receptor is ligand-gated channel

Answer 158

Activity of adrenergic receptors brings EPSP to the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction

Answer 159

Beta-adrenergic receptors are G protein coupled receptors related to adenylyl cyclase

Answer 160

Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors up-regulates synthesis of cAMP

Answer 161

Growth hormone exerts hypercalcemic effect

Answer 162

PTH up-regulated (increases) mobilization of calcium ion from bones

Answer 163

PTH decreases activity of 1alpha-hydroxylase of vitamin 25-OHD3 in kidney

Answer 164

Thyroid hormones decrease plasma concentration of calcium

Answer 165

5% solution of glucose

Answer 166

Benzene, ether and other organic solvents

Answer 167

IgG against D-antigen administered to Rh-D-negative mother after delivery of the Rh-D positive fetus

Answer 168

0,6% saline

Answer 169

Rise of pH

Answer 170

Rise of body temperature

Answer 171

Rise of CO2

Answer 172

Adenosine and androgens inhibit secretion of EPO

Answer 173

EPO is produced by interstitial cells in peritubular capillary bed of kidneys

Answer 174

EPO increases the number of erythropoietin sensitive committed stem cells in the bone marrow that are converted by red blood cell precursors

Answer 175

Hypoxia (low partial pressure of O2) in kidney is the main stimulus for EPO release

Answer 176

5-7% of all the CO2 is transported physically dissolved in blood

Answer 177

10% of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate. Conversion is spontaneous and performed in plasma of blood

Answer 178

Part of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin, forming carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 179

Carbaminohemoglobin is an example of reduced hemoglobin of red-brown colour

Answer 180

They migrate in large number into tissues infected by parasites where they release hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 181

They release heparin, histamine as well as small quantities of bradykinin and serotonin

Answer 182

They belong to the adaptive immune system. they are not able to phagocyte

Answer 183

They aggregate in tissues when allergic reactions occur, (peribronchial tissue in people with asthma)

Answer 184

The exhibit chemotaxis

Answer 185

Administration of heparin slows the process agglutination

Answer 186

Agglutination is in vitro phenomenon resulting from an interaction between the agglutinogen and agglutinin

Answer 187

Gamma globulins of IgM class are able to produce immediate agglutination in room temperature

Answer 188

Agglutination results from an interaction between the platelet's GP IIb/IIIa and vascular collagen

Answer 189

Agglutinins against antigens of Rh system develop in childhood

Answer 190

Immediately after birth, the quantity of agglutinins in the plasma of the newborn is almost zero

Answer 191

Immunoglobulin against antigens 0-A-B blood type system are produced by the fetus before the birth

Answer 192

Agglutinins in 0-A-B blood type system are produced in effect of immunization against antigens A and B commonly present in environment

Answer 193

D antigen is the most antigenic (the strongest) component of the system

Answer 194

D antigen is the only antigen of the system

Answer 195

Antigens are proteins, located only on membranes of erythrocytes

Answer 196

Agglutinogens are synthesized in Rh-D negative individuals after exposure to Rh-D positive blood

Answer 197

Chemotaxis (chemoattraction) of macrophages and neutrophils

Answer 198

Degranulation of the eosinophils and monocytes - mast cells and basophils

Answer 199

Promotion of agglutination of invading microbes

Answer 200

Presenting on the water soluble antigen

Answer 201

Opsonization

Answer 202

Maturation of erythrocytes

Answer 203

It can easily produce agglutination of erythrocytes

Answer 204

It cannot cross blood-placenta barrier

Answer 205

Binding of C1 complex of complement to antigen-IgG complex initiates classical pathway of complement activation

Answer 206

It has only 2 antigen-binding sites

Answer 207

It is a memory immunoglobulin

Answer 208

Its duration is inversely proportional to the number of platelets

Answer 209

It does not depend on concentration and activity of plasma factors of secondary hemostasis

Answer 210

It is prolonged in people treated with heparin

Answer 211

It tests processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation

Answer 212

They mediate cellular immunity

Answer 213

Lymphocytes B are classified as professional antigen presenting cells

Answer 214

They are formed mainly in in thymus

Answer 215

B lymphocytes express B cell receptors on their cell membrane. It allows B lymphocytes to bind a specific antigen

Answer 216

Nicotinic receptor is an example of G-Protein coupled receptor

Answer 217

Examples of G-Protein coupled receptor are rhodopsin and GABA(b)-Receptor.

Answer 218

G-Protein coupled receptors are metabotropic receptors

Answer 219

All G-Protein coupled receptors are metabotropic receptors, they activate intracellular enzymes.

Answer 220

All muscarinic receptors are serpentine G-coupled receptors.

Answer 221

Some of them are ligand-gated ionic channels.

Answer 222

Muscarinic receptors modify activity of adenylyl cyclase of phospholipase C.

Answer 223

Acetylcholine is an antagonist of all muscarinic receptors

Answer 224

IP3 & ryanodine receptors

Answer 225

Rhodopsin and vasopressin receptors

Answer 226

Insulin and adrenergic receptors

Answer 227

Glycine & nicotinic receptors

Answer 228

1, 2, 4, 3

Answer 229

1, 3, 4, 2

Answer 230

2, 3, 4, 1

Answer 231

2, 4, 3, 1

Answer 232

In facilitated diffusion, membrane carriers enable movement of molecules through cellular membranes against concentration gradient.

Answer 233

Particular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water.

Answer 234

Facilitated diffusion characterized with limit rate of transfer of substance diffuse as maximum saturation.

Answer 235

Water molecules pass from the cell of the collecting duct to its lumen through the system of facilitated diffusion called AQP2

Answer 236

Insulin receptor open channels for tyrosine, which become phosphorylated in cytosol of the cell - belong to the family of tyrosine kinase receptor

Answer 237

Glycine receptor is an example of chemically-gated channel for chloride ion

Answer 238

Smooth muscle cells can contract being mechanically stretched it is mediated by stretch gated channels

Answer 239

Action potential of excitable cells is usually evoked by entrance of cations through electrical gated channels

Answer 240

Action potential of excitable cells is usually provoked by outflow of anions through ligand-gated channels

Answer 241

Express MHC II

Answer 242

Include cellular response

Answer 243

Include humoral response

Answer 244

Stimulated by IL-2

Answer 245

Carboxyhemoglobin is a reduced form greater than O2

Answer 246

Methemoglobin is the oxidized form

Answer 247

Carries 97% of oxygen in blood

Answer 248

Carries 97% of CO2

Answer 249

Child is a natural offspring of this couple

Answer 250

Mother is natural, father is not the natural father

Answer 251

Father is natural, mother is not the natural mother

Answer 252

Blood types in ABO system is A

Answer 253

Blood types in ABO system is B

Answer 254

Blood types in ABO system is AB

Answer 255

Child is Rh-

Answer 256

Child is Rh+

Answer 257

Depends on factor 3-12

Answer 258

Depends on release of HMWK

Answer 259

Depends on vascular wall

Answer 260

Needs calcium ions

Answer 261

Needs action of thromboxane

Answer 262

Distilled water

Answer 263

0.5% concentration of glucose

Answer 264

Urea solution

Answer 265

0.2% saline

Answer 266

Has 2 antigen binding sites

Answer 267

Memory immunoglobulin

Answer 268

Activate complement

Answer 269

Produce aggregation in standard environment of own plasma

Answer 270

Increased blood pressure

Answer 271

Increased blood volume

Answer 272

Increased osmotic pressure of blood and cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 273

Decreased blood volume

Answer 274

Decreased osmotic pressure of blood and cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 275

Hyperglycemia

Answer 276

Hypoglycemia

Answer 277

Stress and sleep (REM)

Answer 278

Physical exercise

Answer 279

Increase concentration of 2,3 BPG in erythrocytes

Answer 280

Increased temperature

Answer 281

Decreased pH of blood

Answer 282

Protein can diffuse easily through membrane

Answer 283

Depends on chemical gradient

Answer 284

Hydrophobic proteins cannot diffuse via membrane

Answer 285

Contain immature hemoglobin that matures during first week after delivery

Answer 286

Hemoglobin has higher affinity to oxygen

Answer 287

Have small nucleus

Answer 288

Contain less hemoglobin than mature erythrocytes

Answer 289

Water characterizes with extremely high specific heat -absorption of energy without change of temperature

Answer 290

It is a natural solvent and environment for all physiological and chemical processes occurring inhuman organism

Answer 291

Aldosterone directly increases water reabsorption in collecting duct

Answer 292

Main cation of intracellular water compartment is Mg2+, main anion HCO3-

Answer 293

Its volume can't be assessed by intravenous injection of Inulin or other colloid molecule

Answer 294

Majority of water of TBW fills extracellular compartment of organism

Answer 295

It is usually 60% of the body weight of the young adult human and it tends to decrease with age

Answer 296

Water can easily pass through cellular membrane via common to all cells water channel- aquaporin AQP1

Answer 297

GnRH liberated from hypothalamus

Answer 298

Hyperglycemia

Answer 299

Decreased concentration of FFA + glucose in plasma

Answer 300

Physical exercise

Answer 301

Peptide hormone synthesized in anterior pituitary gland

Answer 302

Its liberation is inhibited by stimulation of mechanoreceptors located in cervix of the uterus

Answer 303

Responsible for milk ejection due to contraction of myoepithelial cells

Answer 304

Produces contraction of smooth muscle cells of pregnant + non-pregnant uterus

Answer 305

Affinity is inversely proportional to pH

Answer 306

Affinity is proportionate to the body temperature

Answer 307

Product of glycolysis in erythrocytes - 2,3 BPG decreases affinity of hemoglobulin for oxygen

Answer 308

High partial pressure of carbon dioxide - pCO2 in plasma decreases affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

Answer 309

Hemorrhage (rapid loss of blood cells)

Answer 310

Anemia (loss of RBC)

Answer 311

Dehydration

Answer 312

Repetitive exercise

Answer 313

They have gene/genes coding for the sequence amino acids of fucosyl-transferase

Answer 314

Have no antigens on membranes of erythrocytes

Answer 315

Both anti-A and anti-B immunoglobulins are synthesized after exposition to those antigens

Answer 316

Both anti-A and anti-B hemagglutinins are present in their plasma since their birth

Answer 317

Hypertonic solution of glucose

Answer 318

Organic solvents (soap, detergents, etc)

Answer 319

Distilled water

Answer 320

Hypotonic solution of sodium chloride

Answer 321

Hypobilirubinemia

Answer 322

Decreased production of EPO

Answer 323

They are mediators of humoral immunity

Answer 324

They are formed mainly in thymus

Answer 325

In effect of antigenic stimulation they form plasma cells which secrete Ig

Answer 326

They mediate cellular immunity

Answer 327

Cooling (decreasing of temp) of in vitro preparation

Answer 328

Administration of Ig against human IgG (idea of indirect antiglobulin test/indirect Coombs test)

Answer 329

Enzymatic modification of molecules of IgG immunoglobulins

Answer 330

Activation of complete system performed by complexes antigen immunoglobulins IgM/IgG

Answer 331

Macrophages

Answer 332

Thrombocytes

Answer 333

Hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 334

Erythrocytes

Answer 335

Memory B lymphocyte

Answer 336

Her RBC is approximately 3,5 mln/mm3

Answer 337

She is in a state of dehydration

Answer 338

The client suffers anemia

Answer 339

Client is in a state of polycythemia

Answer 340

Her RBC is approximately 2,0 mln/mm3

Answer 341

85% of erythropoietin comes from kidney and 15% from liver

Answer 342

Synthesized in kidney and next hydroxylated in liver in effect of hypoxia

Answer 343

Chemoattractant facilitates homing of blood progenitor cells in bone marrow

Answer 344

Bilaterally nephrectomized (removal of both kidneys) patients are able to maintain proper erythropoiesis

Answer 345

EPO stimulates differentiation of erythrocytes from cells of Colony Forming Unit of Mixed Lineages

Answer 346

G-CSF and interleukins 3 stimulates differentiation of erythrocytes from Colony Forming Unit of Mixed-Lineages

Answer 347

Migrate among stem cell niches of embryo

Answer 348

Possesses ability for self renewal, highly resistant to radio chemotherapy

Answer 349

HSCs are not able to differentiate into blood cells of lymphoid lineage

Answer 350

Migration of HSCs finishes after birth. Hematopoiesis is performed in axial skeleton + proximal parts of long bones

Answer 351

Measurement of leukocytes requires previous hemolysis of erythrocytes

Answer 352

Fluids used for counting of leukocytes shrink erythrocytes

Answer 353

Fluids used for counting of leukocytes stain organelles of leukocytes

Answer 354

Counting of leukocytes requires previous staining of all blood cells

Answer 355

Hypertonic solution used for counting of leukocytes dilutes blood

Answer 356

Assessment of ESR requires centrifugation of erythrocytes

Answer 357

Increase of globulins concentration and decrease of albumin concentration in plasma decreases aggregating ability of erythrocytes. Due to this reason ESR rises

Answer 358

Normal ESR in healthy adult humans is usually lower than 10 mm/hour

Answer 359

ESR increases during menstruation and after physical exercise

Answer 360

RDW (RBC distribution width) is quantitative measure of MCV

Answer 361

MCV is an erythrocyte index expressing average volume of erythrocytes

Answer 362

Concentration of hemoglobin in blood of healthy adult women ranges 12-16 g/dL

Answer 363

Standard erythrocyte due to its size + shape is not able to pass via capillaries which diameter is lower than 10 micrometer

Answer 364

Secreted by plasmocytes in effect of immune response

Answer 365

It is any substance which is able to induce specific immune-response

Answer 366

Secreted by T-lymphocytes in effect of immune response

Answer 367

Able to activate complement system when bound by APCs

Answer 368

Have large, dark blue granules in their cytoplasm

Answer 369

Present antigens to immune competent cells

Answer 370

Account for 5-10% of all leukocytes of peripheral blood

Answer 371

Their granules contain histamine, heparin + other chemicals involved in allergic + immune responses

Answer 372

It inhibits secretory processes

Answer 373

Maintains proper functioning of cellular membrane transport

Answer 374

Factor 4 of coagulation supports proper coagulation process

Answer 375

It modifies hemoglobin which reduces hemoglobin affinity for oxygen

Answer 376

High plasma concentration of magnesium produces tetany

Answer 377

Hypocalcemia produces tetany

Answer 378

Tetany can be observed in people whose ventilation is depressed

Answer 379

Tetany will be observed in people with elevated level of PTH in plasma

Answer 380

Tetany can be observed in hyperventilating people

Answer 381

Can easily produce aggregation in standard environment of own plasma

Answer 382

Cannot pass through placenta

Answer 383

Can activate complement system

Answer 384

Has 2 antigen binding sites

Answer 385

A memory immunoglobulin

Answer 386

Methemoglobin which is a form of oxygenated hemoglobin present in lungs

Answer 387

Carbaminohemoglobin, form of deoxygenated hemoglobin bound by CO2

Answer 388

Carbaminohemoglobin, a form of deoxygenated hemoglobin bound by CO

Answer 389

Oxyhemoglobin, a form of oxygenated hemoglobin present in lungs

Answer 390

Oxyhemoglobin, a form of oxidized hemoglobin dominating in erythrocytes of arterial blood

Answer 391

Prolonged in case of low plasma concentration of fibrinogen (Factor 1)

Answer 392

Depends on processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation

Answer 393

Depends on platelets count

Answer 394

Depends on state of vascular wall

Answer 395

They can be activated by heparin. substrates for thrombin

Answer 396

Post-translatory modification of molecules of prothrombin factor 2 + 10 in liver depends on vitamin K

Answer 397

Activity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase

Answer 398

They are plasma coagulation factors 1, 5, 8

Answer 399

They are proteolytic enzymes (serine-proteases)

Answer 400

They can be activated by heparin

Answer 401

They are plasma coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X

Answer 402

They are plasma coagulation factors I, V, VIII, XIII

Answer 403

Their activity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase

Answer 404

They are plasma coagulation factors XI, XII, HMWK

Answer 405

Inhibited by coumarin-derivatives such as dikumarol + warfarin

Answer 406

Begins with exposure of collagen + activation of factor 7+3 coagulation

Answer 407

Begins with liberation of tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor (3))

Answer 408

Requires factor 12 for full activation of hemostatic process

Answer 409

Requires calcium ions

Answer 410

Agglutinogens are synthesized in Rh+ individuals after exposure to Rh- blood

Answer 411

Hemagglutinins in ABO system are mostly IgM class

Answer 412

Hemagglutinins in ABO system are inborn

Answer 413

In ABO system they are synthesized after immunization against antigen A + B commonly present in environment

Answer 414

IP3 receptor.

Answer 415

Ryanodine receptor.

Answer 416

Glycine receptors.

Answer 417

GABAA receptors.

Answer 418

Nicotinic receptors

Answer 419

They are present in almost all cells, except for erythrocytes.

Answer 420

They are present only on antigen presenting cell.

Answer 421

Their role is to present proteins and activate helper T-lymphocytes

Answer 422

It plays role in defense against intracellular pathogens.

Answer 423

prolonged in case of low plasma concentration of fibrinogen (factor 1)

Answer 424

Depends in processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation

Answer 425

depends on platelets count

Answer 426

depends on state of vascular wall

Answer 427

they can be activated by heparin. substrates for thrombin

Answer 428

Post-translatory modification of molecules of prothrombin factor 2 & 10 in liver depends on vitamin K

Answer 429

activity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase

Answer 430

They are plasma coagulation factors 1, 5, 8

Answer 431

They are proteolytic enzymes (serine-proteases)

Answer 432

They can be activated by heparin

Answer 433

They are plasma coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X

Answer 434

They are plasma coagulation factors I, V, VIII, XIII

Answer 435

Their activity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase

Answer 436

They are plasma coagulation factors XI, XII, HMWK

Answer 437

Inhibited by coumarin-derivatives such as dikumarol and warfarin

	Criado por Soheila Amri mais de 2 anos atrás

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Physiology exam 2022 - Cycle 1

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