Questão 1
Questão
Patient with 1.8 mmol/l Calcium and 25 g/l albumin
What is the adjusted calcium level:
Questão 2
Questão
Hypercalcemic crisis occurs above which minimum level of ionised calcium in mmol/L
Questão 3
Questão
If Calcium is low, with no renal disease, and PTH is also low - what are the most likely possibilities;
Responda
-
Vitamin D deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
-
Idiopathic hyperparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism
-
Magnesium deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
-
Vitamin D deficiency, pseudohypoparathyroidism
-
Vitamin D deficiency, Magnesium deficiency
Questão 4
Questão
If Calcium is low, with no renal disease, and PTH is high - what are the most likely possibilities
Responda
-
Vitamin D deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
-
Idiopathic hyperparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism
-
Magnesium deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
-
Vitamin D deficiency, pseudohypoparathyroidism
-
Vitamin D deficiency, Magnesium deficiency
Questão 5
Questão
The most common cause of hypercalcemia is/are;
Responda
-
Hyperparathyroidism and malignancy
-
Hyperparathyroidism and renal disease
-
Inappropriate dosage of vitamin D
-
Calcium therapy
-
Granulomatous disease
Questão 6
Questão
Which of the following actions are parathyroid hormone occurs via vitamin eD3?
Responda
-
Bone resorption of Ca
-
Bone mineralisation of Ca
-
Increased Intestinal absorption of Ca
-
Increased renal reabsorption of Ca
-
Decreased renal reabsorption of Ca
Questão 7
Questão
Patient with 2.5 mmol/l Calcium and 30 g/l albumin
What is the adjusted calcium level:
Questão 8
Questão
Lowest Value for hypercalcemic crisis (physiological adult)
Questão 9
Questão
Which of the following is NOT correct:
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism occurs because:
Responda
-
The parathyroids become unresponsive to calcium levels
-
Renal disease for long periods with low calcium leads to lack of parathyroid response to calcium levels
-
parathyroid glands which are continually secreting PTH for a long period of time eventually do not respond to negative feedback from calcium
-
Peripheral tissues which are continually subjected to high concentrations of PTH eventually do not respond to PTH
-
The parathyroid glands become autonomic
Questão 10
Questão
Signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome includ
Responda
-
Obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
-
Anorexia, hypotension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
-
Obesity, hypotension, lactose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
-
Anorexia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
-
Obesity, hypertension, lactose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
Questão 11
Questão
What is the most common cause of high Ca in hospital settings:
Questão 12
Questão
AMount of Ca in ECF excluding bones
(mmol/l)
Questão 13
Questão
Ca excretion in Urine (mmol/l)
Questão 14
Questão
When PTH is undetected or low, what is the cause of hypocalcemia?
Questão 15
Questão
1,25-dihydrocholecaliferol is synthesized in the:
Questão 16
Questão
A hypocalcemic patient has very low or undetectable PTH. The most likely cause is:
Responda
-
Acute pancreatitis, sarcoidosis
-
Vitamin D deficiency
-
Parathyroid adenoma, pseudohypoparathyroidism
-
Complication of thyroid surgery, Mg deficiency
-
Parathyroid hyperplasia, Mg deficiency
Questão 17
Questão
Etiology of hypocalcemia
Responda
-
Elevated PTH, Thiazide diuretics, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
-
Thiazide diuretics, Impaired absorption of calcium, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
-
Poor dietary intake of calcium, Paget’s disease of bone, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
-
Poor dietary intake of calcium, Impaired absorption of calcium, Vitamin D deficiency,
Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure