Questão 1
Questão
Users may access the DBMS or indirectly through application programs.
Questão 2
Questão
The database is processed by the DBMS.
Questão 3
Questão
A database contains four main elements: user data, application programs, metadata, and indexes.
Questão 4
Questão
Today, most databases represent user data as trees of data.
Questão 5
Questão
In a relation, the columns of the relation contain records for particular entities in the business environment, and the rows of the relation contain fields or attributes.
Questão 6
Questão
In a relation, the columns of the relation contain fields or attributes, and the rows of the relation contain records for particular entities in the business environment.
Questão 7
Questão
Most DBMS products store the metadata in the form of tables.
Questão 8
Questão
System tables contain the user's data.
Questão 9
Questão
Developers have a special set of tools for querying metadata that is separate from the query tools for user's data.
Questão 10
Questão
Overhead data is a synonym for metadata.
Questão 11
Questão
Overhead data is composed primarily of indexes.
Questão 12
Questão
Indexes and linked lists are both types of overhead data.
Questão 13
Questão
Overhead data contains types of data structures that can improve the performance and accessibility of the database.
Questão 14
Questão
Indexes are beneficial for search operations, but at the cost of slowing down sorting operations.
Questão 15
Questão
Indexes should be created for every field in a relation, even if they are not currently needed, to support future uses of the data.
Questão 16
Questão
Application metadata is used to store the structure of some application components in the database.
Questão 17
Questão
Although all DBMS products do not support application components, all DBMS products that do support application components store the structure of those components in application metadata.
Questão 18
Questão
While users can not access the application metadata directly, database developers often must directly access application metadata to create database application programs.
Questão 19
Questão
The design tool subsystem of the DBMS is responsible for processing the application components.
Questão 20
Questão
The design tools subsystem of the DBMS can facilitate the design of a database, but does not have tools to help in actually implementing the design.
Questão 21
Questão
If a DBMS includes a programming language or an interface to a programming language, it is considered to be part of the design tool subsystem of the DBMS.
Questão 22
Questão
If a DBMS includes a programming language or an interface to a programming language, it is considered to be part of the design tool subsystem of the DBMS.
Questão 23
Questão
The run-time subsystem of the DBMS processes the application components.
Questão 24
Questão
The DBMS engine acts as an intermediary between the other DBMS components and the database data.
Questão 25
Questão
The DBMS engine receives requests from the run-time subsystem and the design tools subsystem and translates them into commands for the operating system to read and write data on physical media.
Questão 26
Questão
To retrieve data from the database, the run-time subsystem instructs the operating system to read data from the physical media.
Questão 27
Questão
The DBMS engine is involved in transaction management.
Questão 28
Questão
The run-time subsystem is responsible for locking, and backup and recovery within the database.
Questão 29
Questão
The database schema is a component of the DBMS engine.
Questão 30
Questão
A database schema defines a database’s structure – its tables, relationships, domains, and business rules.
Questão 31
Questão
A database schema is a set of values that a column can have.
Questão 32
Questão
A domain includes the physical format of an attribute and its uniqueness.
Questão 33
Questão
Business rules are restrictions on the business’s activities that need to be reflected in the database and database applications.
Questão 34
Questão
Business rules can always be enforced in the DBMS if the database is properly designed.
Questão 35
Questão
Some DBMS products use “stored procedures” to enforce business rules.
Questão 36
Questão
Once a database schema has been designed, the next step in creating a database is to define the relationships.
Questão 37
Questão
One disadvantage of declaring a relationship between two tables to the DBMS is that whenever those two tables are used in a form, query, or report the relationship must be declared again.
Questão 38
Questão
Identifiers that have no meaning to the users but are created only so that each row in a table will be uniquely identifiable to the DBMS are called foreign keys.
Questão 39
Questão
While most DBMS products support creating queries, few actually store the query as part of the application.
Questão 40
Questão
A criterion query is a query that has been constructed to accept criteria values at run-time.
Questão 41
Questão
A report can be used to enter data into the database as well as display data from the database.
Questão 42
Questão
Reports usually have a more complex structure than forms.
Questão 43
Questão
Menus can be used to control user access to forms, reports, and programs.
Questão 44
Questão
Menus can make application components more accessible to users, but at the cost of losing control over the users’ activities.
Questão 45
Questão
Database application programs must be written using a language that is specific to the DBMS.
Questão 46
Questão
Predefined program interfaces allow database application programs written in standard programming languages to interact with the DBMS.
Questão 47
Questão
Top-down development proceeds from the need to develop a specific system.
Questão 48
Questão
Studying the strategic goals of the organization and the information requirements necessary to achieve those goals is characteristic of top-down development.
Questão 49
Questão
Top-down development tends to produce useful systems more quickly than bottom-up development.
Questão 50
Questão
Bottom-up development produces systems with a global perspective requiring fewer modifications as additional systems are built.
Questão 51
Questão
Typically, users can clearly express their needs to the database developer.
Questão 52
Questão
Typically, database developers will start with the outputs that the users desire and work backward to infer the data model.
Questão 53
Questão
Development of multi-user databases, such as workgroup and organizational databases, is simplified because the developer has more potential sources for information.
Questão 54
Questão
Development of multi-user databases is especially difficult when the system is so large that no single user has a model of the complete structure.