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Basecamp Musculoskeletal
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Slide 1
Muscle TestingBethany Sturgis
Basecamp Musculoskeletal
Slide 2
Q: Where is resistance applied when performing manual muscle testing of the biceps femoris in prone?A: Posterior leg immediately proximal to the ankle.
Resource: Musculoskeletal Assessment page 333, Knee flexion MMT: "Resistance location. Applied proximal to the ankle joint on the posterior aspect of the leg."
Muscle Testing
Slide 3
Rubrica: :
Biceps Femoris MMT
Slide 4
Muscle Testing
Q: Which muscle would be tested by applying manual resistance against the upper portion of the shoulder and the patient's head simultaneously?A: Upper Trapezius
Resource: Musculoskeletal Assessment page 104, Scapular elevation MMT: "Resistance Location. Applied over the top of the shoulder(s)."
Slide 5
Rubrica: :
Upper Trap MMT
Slide 6
Muscle Testing
Q:What muscle would be strength tested by placing the elbow in maximal flexion and the forearm in maximal supination to minimize activation of the biceps brachii?A: Coracobrachialis
Resource: Musculoskeletal Assessment page 116, Shoulder Flexion and Adduction MMT: "Start position. The patient is supine. The shoulder is in slight abduction and external rotation; the elbow is flexed with the forearm in supination." "Resistance location. Applied to the anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus."
Slide 7
Coracobrachialis MMT
Slide 8
Muscle Testing
Q: What muscle would be strength tested in supine by applying pressure against the anterior aspect of the shoulder, downward toward the table?A: Pectoralis Minor
Resource: Essentials of Kinesiology for the PTA page 67, Pec Minor info: "Actions: Depression of the scapula, downward rotation of the scapula, anterior tilt of the scapula. Comments: The pectoralis minor plays a significant role in stabilizing the scapula and neutralizing unwanted motions of the scapula...the pectoralis minor may be used to assist with inspiration by elevating the ribs."
Slide 9
Pec Minor MMT
Slide 10
Muscle Testing
Q: What muscle would be strength tested in prone with the arm laying on the small of the back?A: Teres Major
Resource: Musculoskeletal Assessment page 118, Shoulder extension MMT: "Start position. The patient is in a prone-lying position at the edge of the plinth. The arm is at the side, with the shoulder in internal rotation. The palm faces the ceiling."
Slide 11
Teres Major MMT
Slide 12
Teres Major MMT 2
Slide 13
Muscle Testing
Q: Resisted muscle testing performed on a muscle with a minor lesion would most likely be classified as:A: Strong and painful
Resource: Physical Rehabilitation page 146, table 4.5, Results of Resisted Isometric Testing: "Strong and painful - There is a minor lesion of the tested muscle or tendon."
Slide 14
Muscle Testing
Q: Which of the following would be least appropriate for assessment with a pinch gauge?A: Cylinder grip
Resource: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3785662/A sphygmomanometer is used to measure hand grip. The gauge needle shows the patient's grip pressure.
Slide 15
Sphygmomanometer for grip strength
Slide 16
Muscle Testing
Q: When performing a resistive test of the triceps muscle in supine, the shoulder should be positioned in:A: 90 degrees of flexion
Resource: Musculoskeletal Assessment page 164, Elbow extension MMT: "Start position. The patient is supine. The shoulder is internally rotated and flexed to 90 degrees, the elbow is flexed, and the forearm is supinated."
Slide 17
Triceps MMT
Slide 18
Muscle Testing
Q: Which muscle would be tested by the therapist applying manual resistance against the forearm with pressure applied in the direction of medial rotation of the humerus?A: Infraspinatus
Resource: Musculoskeletal Assessment page 130, Shoulder external rotation MMT: "Resistance location. Applied proximal to the wrist joint on the posterior aspect of the forearm."
Slide 19
Infraspinatus MMT
Slide 20
Muscle Testing
Q: Where should a therapist stabilize when performing a manual muscle test of the tibialis anterior?A: Ipsilateral tibia
Resource: Musculoskeletal Assessment page 376, Ankle dorsiflexion and food inversion MMT: "Stabilization. The lower leg is supported against the therapist's thigh and the therapist stabilizes the lower leg proximal to the ankle."
Slide 21
Tibialis Anterior MMT
Slide 22
Muscle Testing
Q: During resisted testing, a complete grade 3 rupture of a muscle or tendon would most likely be classified as: A: Weak and painless
Resource: Physical Rehabilitation page 146, table 4.5 Results of Resisted Isometric Testing: "Weak and painless - There is a disorder of the nervous system, neuromuscular junction, a complete rupture of the tested muscle or tendon, or disuse atrophy."
Slide 23
Muscle Testing
Q: When testing the strength of the hip adductors in an adult, the therapist would most likely need to fixate the: A: contralateral leg in abduction
Resource: Musculoskeletal Assessment page 305, gravity eliminated hip adduction MMT: "Stabilization. The therapist stabilizes the pelvis."
Slide 24
Basecamp Musculoskeletal
Therapeutic ExerciseBethany Sturgis
Slide 25
Therapeutic Exercise
Q: A muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens or lengthens while resisting a constant load is known as:A: Isotonic
Resource: Therapeutic Exercise for PTAs page 120: "Isotonic activity is a dynamic change in muscle length. A concentric muscle action occurs as the muscle shortens during activity. An eccentric muscle action occurs when the muscle lengthens during activity."
Slide 26
Isotonic Exercise
Slide 27
Therapeutic Exercise
Q: Which of the following would be the best indicator that the amount of weight used is excessive in a progressive resistive exercise?A: substitute motions are required
Resource: Therapeutic Exercise for PTAs page 127: "Overtraining is thought to be caused by training loads that are too demanding on the individual's ability to adapt, resulting in fatigue, possible substitution patterns, and injury."
Slide 28
Therapeutic Exercise
Q: Which of the following types of contraction has the potential for the highest force production?A: Eccentric
Resource: Therapeutic Exercise for PTAs page 120: "Eccentric muscle action can produce about 30% more force than concentric actions."
Slide 29
Eccentric Exercise
Slide 30
Therapeutic Exercise
Q: At what angle of knee flexion is the quadriceps femoris capable of producing a maximum force contraction?A: 45 degrees
Resource: Essentials of Kinesiology for the PTA page 41: "...a muscle can usually produce the greatest force near its midrange, and less as it becomes overly shortened or lengthened."
Slide 31
Therapeutic Exercise
Q: When instructing a patient on proper breathing technique during strength training exercises, which of the following would be the most appropriate?A: exhale during the concentric phase and inhale during the eccentric phase.
Resource:http://www.bodyrecomposition.com/training/breathing-during-weight-training.html/ "Now, perhaps the simplest approach to breathing while lifting is to inhale during the eccentric contraction (when the muscle is lengthening) and exhale during the concentric (when the muscle is shortening). And there is certainly much logic to this piece of advice."
Slide 32
Therapeutic Exercise
Q: Which of the following terms describes the application of force over a specified distance?A: Work
Resource: Therapeutic Exercise for PTAs page 119: "Work is defined as force x distance or the product of the force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves in the direction of the force."
Slide 33
Therapeutic Exercise
Q: The ability of an individual to use greater resistance with an exercise during their second session as compared to their first session is most likely due to which of the following?A: Neuromuscular adaptation
Resource: Therapeutic Exercise for PTAs page 126: "When an increased training load challenges an individual's current level of fitness, a response by the body occurs as an adaptation to the stimulus of the training load. This increase in training load that leads to an adaptation in muscle is called overload."
Slide 34
Therapeutic Exercise
Q: Temporarily diminished blood flow to the working muscles during a set of resistance exercise, which then increases during the rest period following the completion of the set is known as:A: Reactive hyperemia
Resource: Anatomy and Physiology page 398: "If circulation to an area is cut off for a time and then restored, vessels overdilate, flushing an area with blood. An example of this can be seen when you cross your legs at the knee. When you remove the top knee, you may notice a red area on the knee where the leg rested."
Slide 35
Therapeutic Exercise
Q: What is the sequence of progression from beginner to advanced for an individual sitting on a ball performing voluntary movements of the arms or legs?A: Unilateral, bilateral, reciprocal limb movements
Resource:
Slide 36
Basecamp Musculoskeletal
TerminologyBethany Sturgis
Slide 37
Terminology
Q: Which of the following terms describes a muscle that stabilizes the origin of a prime mover at one joint to increase the effectiveness of another muscle at another joint?A: Fixator
Resource: Essentials of Kinesiology for the PTA page 37: "...a muscle that fixes or holds a body segment relatively stationary so that another muscle can more effectively perform an action is referred to as a stabilizer."
Slide 38
Terminology
Q: What is the correct sequence of joint type from least to most mobile?A: Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis.
Resource: Essentials of Kinesiology for the PTA page 24: "A synarthrosis is a junction between bones that allows little to no movement." "An amphiarthrosis is a type of joint that is formed primarily by fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage. Although these joints allow limited amounts of motion, they play an important role in shock absorption." "A diarthrosis is an articulation that contains a fluid-filled joint cavity between two or more bones. Because of the presence of synovial membrane, diarthrodial joints are frequently referred to as synovial joints."
Slide 39
Terminology
Q: Which term describes two muscles on opposite sides of a joint that act synergistically to produce a shared motion?A: Force couple
Resource: Essentials of Kinesiology for the PTA page 37: "A force-couple is a type of synergistic action that occurs when two or more muscles produce force in different linear directions but produce torque in the same rotary direction."
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