PHSI3012 01-1 Cell Proliferation

Description

Learning objectives: * Understand the difference between cell growth and proliferation * Describe the major events of the cell cycle * Appreciate the roles of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in regulating cell cycle progression * Provide examples of disordered signaling in cancer * Describe checkpoints and how they regulate the correct expression of the cell cycle * Understand the role of apoptosis in preventing inappropriate cell proliferation
Michael Jardine
Quiz by Michael Jardine, updated more than 1 year ago
Michael Jardine
Created by Michael Jardine about 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is the difference between cell growth and cell proliferation?
Answer
  • Cell growth = increase in ONE cell's mass/size; Cell proliferation = increase in cell numbers.
  • Cell growth = increase in cell numbers; Cell proliferation = increase in ONE cell's mass/size.
  • No meaningful distinction. (/ distinction without substantial difference) (/ fuck all)

Question 2

Question
Which of the following is true?
Answer
  • Control of cell proliferation is intrinsically linked to cell growth.
  • Control of cell growth is intrinsically linked to cell proliferation.

Question 3

Question
The order of the rough phases of the cell cycle are as follows: G1 > [blank_start]_____[blank_end] > [blank_start]_____[blank_end] > [blank_start]_____[blank_end] > [blank_start]_____[blank_end] (then back to G1 again)
Answer
  • S
  • G2
  • M
  • Cytokinesis

Question 4

Question
G1 phase stands for, and involves, what?
Answer
  • Growth phase
  • Gap phase
  • Cell growth
  • Monitoring
  • Mitosis

Question 5

Question
G2 phase stands for, and involves, what?
Answer
  • Growth phase
  • Gap phase
  • Cell growth
  • Monitoring
  • Mitosis

Question 6

Question
S phase stands for, and involves, what?
Answer
  • DNA synthesis
  • Selectivity
  • Cell growth
  • Mitosis
  • Stretching

Question 7

Question
M phase stands for, and involves, what?
Answer
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
  • Monitoring
  • DNA synthesis
  • Cell division

Question 8

Question
Cdks (Cyclin-Dependent KinaseS) are regulated by:
Answer
  • Cyclins
  • Phosphorylation
  • Both of the above
  • [none of the above]

Question 9

Question
Mitogens are:
Answer
  • Things that stimulate cell division (e.g. hormones, cytokines).
  • Stimulate migration.

Question 10

Question
Disordered signaling in cancer. Many cancer-critical genes (oncogenes or tumour-suppressor genes) regulate cell growth and proliferation. e.g. a mutation may lead to independence from mitogen-dependence. Acquiring the ability to synthesise mitogens (resulting in autocrine stimulation) is one way this can happen. Some examples of this are:
Answer
  • PDGF, TGFα - glioblastomas & osteosarcoma
  • EGF-R/erbB (epidermal growth factor receptor); HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor)

Question 11

Question
Disordered signaling in cancer. Many cancer-critical genes (oncogenes or tumour-suppressor genes) regulate cell growth and proliferation. e.g. a mutation may lead to independence from mitogen-dependence. Constitutive expression of their receptors (resulting in increased sensitivity?) is one way this can happen. Some examples of this are:
Answer
  • PDGF, TGFα - glioblastomas & osteosarcoma
  • EGF-R/erbB (epidermal growth factor receptor); HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor)

Question 12

Question
HER2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor) mutations are present in:
Answer
  • Overexpressed in breast cancer.
  • Overexpressed in stomach, brain, and breast cancer.
  • Abnormally present in glioblastomas and osteosarcoma.

Question 13

Question
EGF-R / erbB (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) and cancer...
Answer
  • Up-regulated in stomach, brain, and breast cancer.
  • Up-regulated in breast cancer.
  • Abnormally present in gliobastomas & osteosarcoma.

Question 14

Question
True or false: Mitogens [usually?] act through the ras/raf/ERK cascade.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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