Neuroanatomy Lecture V: Anatomy of Auditory and Visual Pathways and Localisation of Cortical Function

How many turns are there in the cochlea?

Label the visual and auditory areas on the below diagram.

[blank_start]Expressive Dysphasia/Aphasia[blank_end]: Patient's have difficulty in producing language, often only using few words or the most important words in a sentence. [blank_start]Receptive Dysphasia/Aphasia[blank_end]: Patients have difficulty comprehending language.

[blank_start]Wernicke's Area[blank_end]: Processes incoming speech signals; this area is responsible for comprehending language [blank_start]Broca's Area[blank_end]: Processes the motor aspect of speech; expressing language through means of speech

Therefore, damage to Wernicke's area will cause [blank_start]receptive[blank_end] dysphasia/aphasia whereas damage to Broca's area will cause [blank_start]expressive[blank_end] dysphasia/aphasia

Strangely, Wernicke's & Broca's areas tend to only exist unilaterally (on one side of the brain). In most people, they tend to both be found on the right side of the brain.

In terms of the visual pathway, after the optic nerves cross at the optic [blank_start]chiasm[blank_end] they become optic tracts. These optic tracts move up into the Thalamus where they synapse with optic radiations at the [blank_start]lateral geniculate[blank_end] nuclei, which then radiate towards and into the primary visual cortex.

Which part of the visual cortex sees upper retinal projections, and which sees lower retinal projections?

What does 'saccadic' eye movements tend to refer to?

Name the visual field defect that would be produced at each area if it were to be damaged.

The primary [blank_start]gustatory[blank_end] cortex is a brain structure responsible for the perception of taste.

Identify the structures labelled below.

The [blank_start]inferior[blank_end] colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway.

The superior colliculus plays a large role in which of the following?

Types of White Matter Fibres: [blank_start]Association fibres[blank_end]: Connect cortical sites lying in the same hemisphere. [blank_start]Commissural fibres[blank_end]: Connect one hemisphere to the other, usually connecting areas with similar function. [blank_start]Projection fibres[blank_end]: Connect hemispheres to deeper structures including thalamus, corpus striatum, brain stem and spinal cord.

Label the white matter tracts by type of fibre.

Medial Geniculate Nucleus --> [blank_start]Auditory Cortex[blank_end] Lateral Geniculate Nucleus --> [blank_start]Visual Cortex[blank_end]

Name the structure labelled below:

When testing one eye for the pupillary light reflex, it is expected that the pupil of the other eye will remain dilated as there is no bright light entering it.