Question 1
Question
Bacterial meningitis' are known as [blank_start]pyogenic[blank_end] meningitis, whereas meninigitis caused by other organisms (e.g. viruses) is known as [blank_start]aseptic[blank_end] meningitis.
Answer
-
aseptic
-
pyogenic
-
suppurative
Question 2
Question
Suppurative meningitis simply refers to a meningitis whereby pus is involved. Which cell type is abundant in these cases of meningitis?
Answer
-
Neutrophils
-
Basophils
-
Eosinophils
Question 3
Question
Which of the following bacteria are most commonly associated with meningitis? (2 answers)
Question 4
Question
The standard treatment for a community acquired bacterial meningitis is a combination of which two drugs?
Answer
-
Ceftriaxone IV
-
Ciprofloxacin IV
-
Dexamethasone IV
-
Beclomethasone IV
Question 5
Question
However, if the bacterial meningitis is caused by Listeria, which drug should be given for 21 days as treatment?
Answer
-
Amoxicillin
-
Gentamicin
-
Metronidazole
-
Ceftriaxone alone
Question 6
Question
Which 3 investigations are routinely conducted in order to diagnose a viral meningitis?
Answer
-
CSF PCR
-
Salival PCR
-
Viral Stool Culture
-
Throat Swab
-
Blood test
-
CSF Culture
Question 7
Question
Encephalitis usually has a bacterial cause
Question 8
Question
The most common virus causing encephalitis is [blank_start]herpes simplex[blank_end] virus
Question 9
Question
Which of the following symptoms tend to occur in encephalitis patient but not in meningitis patients? (2 answers)
Answer
-
Confusion
-
Seizures
-
Headache
-
Stiff neck
Question 10
Question
Migraine pain is due to [blank_start]vasodilation[blank_end] whereas headache pain is due to [blank_start]vasoconstriction[blank_end]
Answer
-
vasodilation
-
vasoconstriction
-
vasoconstriction
-
vasodilation
Question 11
Question
A non-blanching purpuric rash is indicative of which condition?
[blank_start]Meningitis[blank_end]
Question 12
Question
In ages 10-21, the most common cause of community acquired bacterial meningitis is...
Answer
-
Neisseria Meningitidis
-
Streptococcus Pneumonia
-
Listeria
Question 13
Question
In those over 21, the most common cause of community acquired bacterial meningitis is...
Answer
-
Neisseria Meningitidis
-
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
-
Listeria
Question 14
Question
In children, the most common cause of community acquired bacterial meningitis is...
Answer
-
Haemophilus Influenzae
-
Streptococcus Influenzae
-
Neisseria Meningitidis
-
E.coli
Question 15
Question
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a normal part of the microbiota of the ...
Answer
-
Oropharynx
-
Nasopharynx
-
Laryngopharynx
Question 16
Question
A woman with a fractured cribriform plate subsequently develops meningitis during her time in hospital. Which organism has most likely caused her meningitis?
(See explanation for why)
Answer
-
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
-
Neisseria Meningitidis
-
Listeria
-
Staphylococcus Aureus
Question 17
Question
Haemophilus Influenzae is a normal part of the microbiota of the ...
Answer
-
Nasal cavity
-
Large Intestine
-
Stomach
-
Throat
Question 18
Question
Which organism is shown in the picture?
Answer
-
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
-
Neisseria Meningitidis
-
Listeria
-
Staphylococcus Aureus
Question 19
Question
Which organism is shown in the picture?
Answer
-
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
-
Neisseria Meningitidis
-
Listeria
-
Staphylococcus Aureus
Question 20
Question
Streptococcus Pneumoniae are gram [blank_start]positive[blank_end] cocci that are arranged [blank_start]in pairs[blank_end]
Answer
-
positive
-
negative
-
in pairs
-
in threes
-
as single, unbound cocci
Question 21
Question
Neisseria Meningitidis are [blank_start]intracellular[blank_end] gram [blank_start]negative[blank_end] [blank_start]cocci[blank_end].
Answer
-
intracellular
-
extracellular
-
negative
-
positive
-
cocci
-
bacilli
Question 22
Question
A 35 year old man presents with a fever, altered consciousness and a stiff neck. What is the most likely diagnosis from the options below?
Answer
-
Meningitis
-
Encephalitis
-
Hydrocephalus
Question 23
Question
Haemophilus Influenzae are
Question 24
Question
Another way to differentiate bacterial meningitis from aseptic meningitis via the CSF is by looking at the WBC count.
Pyogenic Meningitis shows a [blank_start]high WBC count[blank_end]
Aseptic Meningitis shows a [blank_start]low WBC count[blank_end]
Answer
-
high WBC count
-
low WBC count
Question 25
Question
Bradycardia, Systolic Hypertension and irregular, decreased respirations are the three constituents of [blank_start]Cushing's[blank_end] triad
Question 26
Question
All adult patients with suspected meningitis (expect those with clear contraindications) should undergo which investigative procedure?
Answer
-
Lumbar Puncture
-
Stool Culture
-
Throat Swab
-
CT scan of the head
Question 27
Question
Give steroids to all patients with suspected [blank_start]bacterial meningitis[blank_end] before or with the first dose of antibiotics then every 6 hours for 4 days.
Answer
-
pyogenic meningitis
-
aseptic meningitis
-
encephalitis
Question 28
Question
All new cases of Meningitis must be reported directly to Public Health.
Question 29
Question
The contact prophylaxis regimen for those exposed to an individual with meningitis is 500mg [blank_start]ciprofloxacin[blank_end] orally as a single dose for all adults and children over 12.
Answer
-
ciprofloxacin
-
ceftriaxone
-
co-amoxiclav
Question 30
Question
Typical CSF Findings:
Viral Meningitis - Protein levels [blank_start]normal[blank_end], glucose level [blank_start]normal[blank_end]
Bacterial Meningitis - Protein levels [blank_start]high[blank_end], glucose level [blank_start]low[blank_end]
Answer
-
normal
-
high
-
low
-
normal
-
high
-
low
-
high
-
normal
-
low
-
low
-
high
-
normal
Question 31
Question
The normal level of glucose in the CSF is around ...
Answer
-
60-70% of blood glucose concentration
-
80-90% of blood glucose concentration
-
120-130% of blood glucose concentration
-
140-150% of blood glucose concentration
Question 32
Question
In terms of CSF:
High concentration of Polymorphs (Neutrophils, etc) = [blank_start]Pyogenic Meningitis[blank_end]
High concentration of Lymphocytes (B & T cells) = [blank_start]Aseptic Meningitis[blank_end]
Answer
-
Pyogenic Meningitis
-
Aseptic Meningitis
Question 33
Question
Which of the following describes the normal range values of a CSF sample?
Answer
-
Red Blood Cells <5mm3
White Blood Cells <5mm3
Protein 150-450mg/L
Glucose 60-70% of blood glucose
-
Red Blood Cells <5mm3
White Blood Cells <12mm3
Protein 150-450mg/L
Glucose 60-70% of blood glucose
-
Red Blood Cells <5mm3
White Blood Cells <12mm3
Protein 250-500mg/L
Glucose 60-70% of blood glucose
-
Red Blood Cells <15mm3
White Blood Cells <5mm3
Protein 150-450mg/L
Glucose 120-130% of blood glucose
-
Red Blood Cells <15mm3
White Blood Cells <5mm3
Protein 250-500mg/L
Glucose 60-70% of blood glucose
Question 34
Question
The most common cause of viral meningitis is [blank_start]enteroviruses[blank_end] and this typically affects children. [blank_start]Herpes simplex virus[blank_end] on the other hand is less common and typically causes viral meningitis in adolescents and adults.
Answer
-
enteroviruses
-
herpes simplex virus
-
Herpes simplex virus
-
Enteroviruses
Question 35
Question
[blank_start]Herpes Simplex Virus[blank_end] is the most common cause of Encephalitis and has an overall [blank_start]worse[blank_end] prognosis than viral meningitis
Answer
-
Herpes Simplex Virus
-
Enteroviruses
-
worse
-
better
Question 36
Question
The occurrence of which type of meningitis is an indication for HIV testing of a patient?
Answer
-
Pyogenic Meningitis
-
Aseptic Meningitis
Question 37
Question
Typically, viral meningitis has to be treated conservatively due to lack of treatment options for most of the causative organisms. Despite this however, viral meningitis caused by which virus can be treated by antivirals?
Answer
-
Herpes Simplex Virus
-
Enteroviruses
-
Epstein Barr Virus
Question 38
Question
Name the antiviral typically given to patients suffering from Herpes Simplex Virus Meningitis.
[blank_start]Aciclovir[blank_end]
Question 39
Question
After draining any pus, the treatment of a brain abscess should be via which two of the following medications?
Answer
-
Ceftriaxone
-
Metronidazole
-
Ciprofloxacin
-
Dexamethasone
-
Gentamicin
-
Amoxicillin
Question 40
Question
Fungal meningitis typically concerns which organism?
Question 41
Question
Cryptococcus Meningitis typically occurs in patients with ...
Answer
-
HIV/AIDS
-
Crohn's Disease
-
Addison's Disease
-
Cushing's Disease
-
Wilson's Disease
-
Ulcerative Colitis
Question 42
Question
Treatment of Viral Meningitis by causative organism:
Human Enterovirus: [blank_start]Supportive Treatment Only[blank_end]
Herpes Simplex/Zoster: [blank_start]Aciclovir[blank_end]
Cytomegalovirus: [blank_start]Ganciclovir[blank_end]
Answer
-
Supportive Treatment Only
-
Aciclovir
-
Ganciclovir
-
Aciclovir
-
Supportive Treatment Only
-
Ganciclovir
-
Ganciclovir
-
Supportive Treatment Only
-
Aciclovir
Question 43
Question
If there is a delay in getting a patient with suspected bacterial meningitis to hospital, it is routine practice to give emergency treatment in the form of intramuscular Benzylpenicillin or Ceftriaxone
Question 44
Question
Whilst the CSF is being checked for the causative organism of the Meningitis, empirical treatment should be given in the form of which two drugs?
Answer
-
Ceftriaxone
-
Vancomycin
-
Amoxicillin
-
Gentamicin
-
Metronidazole
-
Ciprofloxacin