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Microbiology Lab Exam I

Description

Study Guide for Microbiology I Lab, including all of the content from labs 1-16.
Jo O'Bar
Quiz by Jo O'Bar, updated more than 1 year ago
Jo O'Bar
Created by Jo O'Bar about 6 years ago
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Question 1

Question
The skin is generally a(n) [blank_start]inhospitable[blank_end] environment for most microorganisms.
Answer
  • inhospitable
  • hospitable

Question 2

Question
Whare are some protential invasive avenues for pathogens through the skin?
Answer
  • hair follicles
  • openings of secreting glands
  • fingernails
  • cuts
  • freckles

Question 3

Question
What are some traits of human skin that make it inhospitable to most microbes?
Answer
  • salt from sweat
  • slightly cooler temperature
  • normal inhabitants
  • hair

Question 4

Question
Human skin acts as an efficient protective barrier by making a hostile environment that no microbes can live on.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
More bacteria are found in moist areas, such as the [blank_start]armpit[blank_end], than on the dry surfaces of the [blank_start]arms/legs[blank_end].
Answer
  • armpit
  • arms/legs
  • arms/legs
  • armpit

Question 6

Question
Examples of normal flora include:
Answer
  • Streptococcus
  • Staphylococcus
  • Micrococcus
  • yeast
  • E. coli
  • Pseudomonas

Question 7

Question
What are transient microorganisms?
Answer
  • Microorganisms that may be found on skin temporarily, but are not permanent residents.
  • Microorganisms that only live for a short time, reproduce, then die.
  • Microorganisms that blink in and out of existence.
  • Microorganisms that refuse to conform to society's expectations.

Question 8

Question
What is an etiological agent?
Answer
  • A disease-causing agent
  • A beneficial agent
  • An ethical problem-solver

Question 9

Question
The significance of bacteria as etiological agents was documented by [blank_start]Robert Koch[blank_end] in [blank_start]1876[blank_end].
Answer
  • Robert Koch
  • Louis Pasteur
  • Francis Crick
  • 1876
  • 1492
  • 1926
  • 1776

Question 10

Question
Handwashing is generally considered the [blank_start]most[blank_end] important procedure for stopping infections and the spread of germs, but excessive handwashing can actually be [blank_start]detrimental[blank_end] effects.
Answer
  • most
  • least
  • detrimental
  • beneficial

Question 11

Question
The main goals of smearing are:
Answer
  • adhere the cells to the slide
  • not to overheat the smear
  • prepare a thin smear
  • get as many microbes on the slide as possible

Question 12

Question
[blank_start]Simple stain[blank_end]: uses a single stain or dye to color bacterium. [blank_start]Gram stain[blank_end]: differentiates organisms according to cell wall structure. [blank_start]Endospore stain[blank_end]: differentiates endospores and vegetative cells with differential staining. [blank_start]Acid-fast[blank_end]: useful for waxy cells that may not be easily stained by other procedures.
Answer
  • Simple stain
  • Gram stain
  • Endospore stain
  • Acid-fast

Question 13

Question
Basic dyes are [blank_start]positively[blank_end] charged, containing [blank_start]cationic[blank_end] chromophores. Because the bacterial cells are slightly [blank_start]negatively[blank_end] charged, there is an attraction between the [blank_start]positive[blank_end] dye and the [blank_start]negative[blank_end] cell. Acidic dyes are [blank_start]negatively[blank_end] charged, containing [blank_start]anionic[blank_end] chromophores, and do not stain bacterial cells.
Answer
  • positively
  • negatively
  • cationic
  • anionic
  • negatively
  • positively
  • positive
  • negative
  • negative
  • positive
  • negatively
  • positively
  • anionic
  • cationic

Question 14

Question
Examples of basic dyes are:
Answer
  • methylene blue
  • crystal violet
  • basic fuchsin
  • nigrosin
  • India ink
  • eosin

Question 15

Question
Examples of acidic dyes are:
Answer
  • nigrosin
  • India ink
  • eosin
  • methylene blue
  • crystal violet
  • basic fuchsin

Question 16

Question
Label the parts of the microscope.
Image:
Microscope Boxed (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • eyetube
  • eyepiece
  • arm
  • stage
  • illumination system
  • abbe condenser
  • objective
  • revolving nosepiece
  • base
  • fine focus
  • course focus

Question 17

Question
Match the growth media with their physical forms: [blank_start]Broths[blank_end]: liquid [blank_start]Deeps[blank_end]: semi-solid [blank_start]Petri Dishes and Slants[blank_end]: solid
Answer
  • Broths
  • Deeps
  • Petri Dishes and Slants

Question 18

Question
What is the most common solidifying agent used in growth media?
Answer
  • agar
  • glucose
  • gelatin
  • starch

Question 19

Question
What is agar?
Answer
  • A mix of complex sugars extracted from the cell walls of Gelidium.
  • A form of bacterium commonly used as nutrients for other microbes.
  • A fish common to the Gulf of Mexico

Question 20

Question
Agar contains key nutrients for bacteria, which is why it is used in growth media so often.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
[blank_start]Aseptic[blank_end]: without contamination [blank_start]Septic[blank_end]: without any microbe growth
Answer
  • Aseptic
  • Septic
  • Septic
  • Aseptic

Question 22

Question
Tools used for inoculation must be [blank_start]sterile[blank_end], but the inoculation itself must be carried out by [blank_start]aseptic[blank_end] technique.
Answer
  • sterile
  • aseptic
  • aseptic
  • sterile

Question 23

Question
A petri dish must be labeled with:
Answer
  • initials
  • the date
  • abbreviation for medium type
  • abbreviattion for bacterial culture
  • the lab
  • instructor name

Question 24

Question
Petri dishes should be labeled on the [blank_start]bottom[blank_end], and stored agar side [blank_start]up[blank_end].
Answer
  • bottom
  • top
  • up
  • down

Question 25

Question
The best way to attain isolated colonies on a petri dish is by using the [blank_start]four[blank_end]-way streak technique.
Answer
  • four
  • three
  • two
  • one

Question 26

Question
Gram staining causes gram-positive cells with a [blank_start]thick[blank_end] peptidoglycan layer to stain [blank_start]blue to purple[blank_end] and gram-negative cells with a [blank_start]thin[blank_end] peptidoglycan layer to stain [blank_start]red to pink[blank_end].
Answer
  • thick
  • thin
  • blue to purple
  • red to pink
  • thin
  • thick
  • red to pink
  • blue to purple

Question 27

Question
Label the morphology forms:
Image:
Morphology (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • punctiform
  • circular
  • filamentous
  • irregular
  • rhizoid
  • spindle

Question 28

Question
Label the morphology elevation terms:
Image:
Morphology (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • flat
  • raised
  • convex
  • pulvinate
  • Umbonate

Question 29

Question
Label the margins:
Image:
Morphology (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • entire
  • undulate
  • lobate
  • erose
  • filamentous
  • curled

Question 30

Question
What are endospores?
Answer
  • a dormant form of bacteria
  • reproductive organelles holding copies of DNA
  • refractile bodies

Question 31

Question
Endospores serve as a protective structure for survival of the organisms.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
Endospores possess a permeability barrier that prevents dyes from entering unless the barrier is destroyed.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 33

Question
An endospore is structurally and chemically [blank_start]more[blank_end] complex than the vegetative cell it comes from. Externally, there are [blank_start]more[blank_end] layers.
Answer
  • more
  • less
  • more
  • fewer

Question 34

Question
What makes the endospore chemically unique?
Answer
  • synthesis of dipicolinic acid
  • increase in calcium ions
  • silica particles
  • complex proteins

Question 35

Question
Endospores are often called metabolically active.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
Check traits of the cortex of the endospore:
Answer
  • located below spore coat
  • contains peptidoglycan
  • can protective layers have been penetrated, can interact with typical dyes
  • acts as protective layer
  • top layer of endospore

Question 37

Question
A chemically-defined ([blank_start]synthetic[blank_end]) medium is one in which the exact chemical composition [blank_start]is[blank_end] known. A complex ([blank_start]undefined[blank_end]) medium is one in which the exact chemical constitution of the medium [blank_start]is not[blank_end] known.
Answer
  • synthetic
  • undefined
  • is
  • is not
  • undefined
  • synthetic
  • is not
  • is

Question 38

Question
When is a defined medium a minimal medium?
Answer
  • When it provides only the exact nutrients needed by the organism for growth.
  • When it uses the minimum depth of medium to promote the growth of the organism.
  • When it doesn't try very hard.

Question 39

Question
What is a selective medium?
Answer
  • A medium which has components which will inhibit or prevent the growth of certain types of bacteria, while also promoting the growth of desired bacteria.
  • A medium which won't let certain bacteria sit with them.
  • A medium which has very specific conditions in which it must be stored and inoculated in order for it to be effective.

Question 40

Question
[blank_start]Selective[blank_end] medium: has components to inhibit growth of some bacteria and promote growth of desired bacteria. [blank_start]Differential[blank_end] medium: allows investigator to distinguish between different types of bacteria based on pattern of growth
Answer
  • Selective
  • Minimal
  • Differential
  • Defined

Question 41

Question
What is an enrichment medium?
Answer
  • A get-rich-quick scheme
  • A medium which contains some component that permits the growth of specific types or species of bacteria
  • A medium that facilitates an environment of learning
  • A medium which contains many nutrients that can sustain many microbes

Question 42

Question
When is an enrichment medium the best option?
Answer
  • When the desired microbe is able to utilize very extreme components, particularly if they are the only ones that can.
  • When the desired microbe got a liberal arts degree.
  • When the desired microbe went abroad for a few months.
  • An enrichment medium is rich in nutrients, so it can support many microbes in many conditions.

Question 43

Question
Which of these are chemically defined mediums?
Answer
  • glucose
  • KH2PO4
  • water
  • peptone
  • agar
  • (NH4)2HPO4

Question 44

Question
Which of these are complex mediums?
Answer
  • glucose
  • peptone
  • agar
  • yeast extract
  • K2HPO4
  • FeSO4 7H2O

Question 45

Question
[blank_start]Psychrophiles[blank_end]: can grow at 0 degrees, but optimally near 37 degrees [blank_start]Mesophiles[blank_end]: optimum temperature near 37 degrees [blank_start]Thermophiles[blank_end]: optimum temperature about 45-70 degrees [blank_start]Extreme Thermophiles[blank_end]: optimum temperature 80 degrees or higher
Answer
  • Psychrophiles
  • Mesophiles
  • Thermophiles
  • Extreme Thermophiles
  • Halophiles

Question 46

Question
How are psycrophilic bacteria adapted to a cool environment?
Answer
  • Have largely unsaturated fatty acids in their plasma membrane
  • Have blubber underneath their cell wall
  • Adapted their metabolic processes to function in colder temperatures
  • Nothing. The cold never bothered them, anyways

Question 47

Question
How are thermophiles adapted to warmer environments?
Answer
  • Higher G+C content in their DNA
  • Highly saturated membrane fatty acids
  • Thinner plasma membranes
  • Highly unsaturated membrane fatty acids

Question 48

Question
[blank_start]Obligate aerobes[blank_end]: require O2 for growth [blank_start]Obligate anaerobes[blank_end]: do not need O2, in fact, it is toxic to them [blank_start]Facultative anaerobes[blank_end]: can switch between aerobic and anaerobic types of metabolism [blank_start]Aerotolerant anaerobes[blank_end]: strictly anaerobic, but can tolerate presence of O2
Answer
  • Obligate aerobes
  • Obligate anaerobes
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Aerotolerant anaerobes
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