BIOL2022 L13 Dealing with CLASS INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
Description
Module 2, Lecture 2
Learning outcomes:
• Dealing with class independent variables
• Type of analysis driven by types of variables
• ANOVA – one useful parametric test
• Reliable analyses depend on assumptions met
• Transforming can “improve” data
• Today, there are alternatives to transforming
What conditions must be present in order to use an independent t-test?
A [blank_start]____________[blank_end] dependent variable;
A [blank_start]____________[blank_end] independent variable (with [blank_start]____________[blank_end] levels).
Answer
Continuous
Class
2
>2
≥2 (>=2)
Question 2
Question
What conditions must be present in order to use a 1-way ANOVA?
A [blank_start]____________[blank_end] dependent variable;
A [blank_start]____________[blank_end] independent variable (with [blank_start]____________[blank_end] levels).
Answer
Continuous
Class
≥2 (>=2)
2
>2
Question 3
Question
In an ANOVA, the F value is obtained by the formula:
---- Groups MS / Error MS ----
...where Groups MS = Groups SS / Groups DF
...and Error MS = Error SS / Error DF
In these, what are the following defined as?
DF = [blank_start]____________[blank_end];
MS = [blank_start]____________[blank_end];
SS = [blank_start]____________[blank_end];
…therefore:
Groups MS represents [blank_start]____________[blank_end], whereas Error MS represents = [blank_start]____________[blank_end].
Answer
degrees of freedom
mean squared deviation from the mean
mean squares
sum of squared deviation from the mean
sum of squares
BETWEEN groups’ mean-squares
WITHIN groups’ mean-squares
BSOD
Question 4
Question
When reporting an ANOVA, what do each of the following numbers represent?
Options are:
#1 - df BETWEEN groups (# of treatment groups)
#2 - df BETWEEN groups (# of treatment groups - 1)
#3 - df BETWEEN groups ( (# of treatment groups) x (# of samples in each group) )
#4 - df BETWEEN groups ( (# of treatment groups - 1) x (# of samples in each group - 1) )
#5 - df WITHIN groups (# of treatment groups)
#6 - df WITHIN groups (# of treatment groups - 1)
#7 - df WITHIN groups ( (# of treatment groups) x (# of samples in each group) )
#8 - df WITHIN groups ( (# of treatment groups - 1) x (# of samples in each group - 1) )
Homoscedasticity vs heteroscedasticity:
Heteroscedasticity means:
Answer
Variance is unequal, e.g. error gets larger on one side
Variance is unequal, e.g. more samples on one side
Distribution is unequal, e.g. error gets larger on one side
Distribution is unequal, e.g. more samples on one side
Question 6
Question
In order to perform an ANOVA, you should transform if your data is:
Answer
Heteroscedastic
Homoscedastic
Really shitty
Question 7
Question
Question: “Is aerobic enzyme activity greater in males than females?
Dependent variable: [blank_start]____________[blank_end], which is a [blank_start]____________[blank_end] variable;
Independent variable: [blank_start]____________[blank_end], which is a [blank_start]____________[blank_end] variable.