1690409
Question 1
Question
What did Miller (1956) find out about human memory?
Answer
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That it is very limited in capacity
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That it can only store 7 plus or minus 2 items or 'chunks'
Question 2
Question
Which research study showed that the duration of STM is limited to under 30 seconds, if items are not rehearsed?
Answer
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Walker et al. (2003)
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Peterson & Peterson (1959)
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Baddeley (1966)
Question 3
Question
Which of the following is a type of long-term memory (LTM)?
Answer
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Episodic - memory for events
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Semantic - memory for facts
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Acoustic - memory for sounds or words
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Procedural - memory for skills
Question 4
Question
What were the conclusions of Walker et al.'s (2003) study?
Answer
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There are 3 processes of memory - encoding, storage and retrieval
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Unbroken sleep is important for memories to be consolidated
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When retrieved, procedural memories can be changed/edited
Question 5
Question
Which of the following is a definition of the memory process 'storage'
Answer
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Retaining information for period of time, until it is needed
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Putting information into a memory store in the correct 'code'
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Getting required information from a store when needed
Question 6
Question
Which type of memory retrieval is generally easier to do - recognition or free recall?
Answer
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Recognition
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Free recall
Question 7
Question
If you see a picture of a celebrity and try to remember his/her name, what type of retrieval is this?
Answer
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Recognition
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Free recall
Question 8
Question
In Baddeley's (1966) study of encoding, what type of items did participants make a lot of errors with in STM?
Answer
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Acoustically similar e.g. 'can, cab...'
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Semantically similar e.g. 'large, huge...'
Question 9
Question
Why did Baddeley (1966) find a difference between semantic/acoustic encoding in STM and LTM?
Answer
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Because both stores use the same type of encoding but use them for different lengths of time
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Because STM mainly uses acoustic encoding and LTM uses semantic encoding
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Because STM cannot hold more than 7 items
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Because people generate a visual image in the task, and it's hard to visualise semantically similar items
Question 10
Question
Which of the following evaluation points apply to many early studies of memory e.g. Peterson & Peterson (1959, Baddeley (1966)
Answer
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They lack ecological validity because they used artificial tasks
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They were field experiments, and so there were many distractions such as background noise
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They focused on verbal information and can't tell us much about visual memory
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They were highly unethical
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They were conducted before researchers understood that there are different stores within both STM and LTM
Question 11
Question
Which of the following is an example of episodic LTM?
Answer
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Remembering the name of the capital of Germany
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Remembering where you went for your last summer holiday
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Remembering how to drive
Question 12
Question
Scenario: You are asked for the name of a theory in Psychology, and although you are sure that you know it, you can't remember what it is called. You think that it is a short word, and if you heard the first letter you would probably remember it.
What is this problem with retrieval called?
Answer
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The tip of the tongue phenomenon
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Implicit memory
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Cue-dependent forgetting
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Classical conditioning
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