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Structure of Skin

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Quiz on Structure of Skin , created by MPusey on 29/12/2014.
MPusey
Quiz by MPusey, updated more than 1 year ago
MPusey
Created by MPusey almost 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What are the functions of skin?
Answer
  • Protection
  • Thermoregulation
  • Fat store
  • Sensation
  • Produce vitamin C
  • Produce vitamin D

Question 2

Question
What is the most superficial layer of skin?
Answer
  • Dermis
  • Epidermis
  • Subcutis

Question 3

Question
How many layers make up the epidermis?
Answer
  • 5 in normal skin, 4 in thick skin
  • 4 in normal skin, 5 in thick skin

Question 4

Question
What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?
Answer
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Basale

Question 5

Question
What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?
Answer
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum Lucidum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Basale

Question 6

Question
Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
Answer
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale

Question 7

Question
Where on the body would you find thick skin?
Answer
  • Soles of the feet
  • Knees
  • Fingertips
  • Palms of the hands
  • Lips

Question 8

Question
Between which layers of the epidermis is the stratum lucidum found?
Answer
  • Between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum
  • Between the stratum granulosum and the stratum spinosum
  • Between the stratum spinosum and the stratum basale

Question 9

Question
What is the function of the stratum basale?
Answer
  • Endure the normal wear and tear of everyday life
  • Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances which keep the skin waterproof
  • Allow keratinocytes to mature and play a role in immune function
  • Constantly produce keratinocytes

Question 10

Question
What is the function of the stratum granulosum?
Answer
  • Endure the normal everyday wear and tear
  • Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that keep skin waterproof
  • Allow keratinocytes to mature and have a role in immunity
  • Constantly produce keratinocytes

Question 11

Question
What is the function of the stratum corneum?
Answer
  • Endure the everyday wear and tear of everyday life
  • Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof
  • Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immune function
  • Constantly produce keratinocytes

Question 12

Question
What is the function of the stratum spinosum?
Answer
  • Endures the normal everyday wear and tear
  • Produces keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof
  • Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immunity
  • Constantly produces keratinocytes

Question 13

Question
How many days, on average, does it take for cells produced in the stratum basale to reach the stratum corneum?
Answer
  • 2 days
  • 5 days
  • 10 days
  • 20 days
  • 50 days

Question 14

Question
In what dermatological disease is the turnover of keratinocytes increased?
Answer
  • Atopic eczema
  • Psoriasis
  • Impetigo
  • Tinea

Question 15

Question
Which of the following are non-keratinising cells that can be found in the epidermis?
Answer
  • Merkel cells
  • Beta cells
  • Langerhan cells
  • Melanocytes
  • Kpuffer cells
  • Keratinocytes

Question 16

Question
What are Langerhan cells
Answer
  • Phagocytes
  • Antigen Presenting Cells
  • Pigment Producing Cells

Question 17

Question
What are Merkel Cells thought to do?
Answer
  • Act as sensory receptors
  • Produce the pigment that gives skin its colour
  • Produce collagen

Question 18

Question
What keeps the dermis and the epidermis separate?
Answer
  • A layer of fat
  • A layer of type II collagen
  • A basement membrane

Question 19

Question
What is the name of the upper layer of the dermis?
Answer
  • Papillary dermis
  • Reticular dermis

Question 20

Question
What is the name of the lower layer of the dermis?
Answer
  • Papillary dermis
  • Reticular dermis

Question 21

Question
Which of the following is not found within the dermis?
Answer
  • Fibroblasts, fibrocytes and their extracellular products
  • Collagen and elastin
  • Melanocytes
  • Glycosaminoglycans
  • Blood vessels and nerves
  • Some immune cells

Question 22

Question
Where is the deep vascular plexus?
Answer
  • Stratum basale of the epidermis
  • Reticular dermis only
  • Reticular dermis, with small branches entering the papillary dermis

Question 23

Question
Where is the superficial vascular plexus?
Answer
  • Stratum basale of the epidermis
  • Reticular dermis only
  • Reticular dermis, with branches running into the papillary dermis

Question 24

Question
Why does blood flow within the skin need to be variable?
Answer
  • To allow sensation
  • To allow blood to be directed to other areas of the body when they functioning more than usual
  • For thermoregulation

Question 25

Question
What nervous system allows the blood flow to the skin to be changed by constricting some of the anastamoses?
Answer
  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 26

Question
What are the four different types of nerve endings found in the dermis?
Answer
  • Free nerve endings
  • Fixed nerve endings
  • Pacinian corpuscles
  • Meissner's corpuscles
  • Merkel cellls
  • Langerhan cells

Question 27

Question
What is the subcutis predominantly made up of?
Answer
  • Type II collagen
  • Type I collagen
  • Adipose tissue
  • Melanocytes

Question 28

Question
What are the functions of the subcutis?
Answer
  • Heat insulator
  • Produce vitamin D
  • Act as a food store
  • Produce melanin
  • Produce type II collagen
  • Act as a shock absorber

Question 29

Question
Which of the following are associated with hair follicles?
Answer
  • Apocrine sweat glands
  • Eccrine sweat glands
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Arrector pili muscles

Question 30

Question
What do sebaceous glands produce?
Answer
  • Watery substances
  • Sebum
  • Kertain for hair formation

Question 31

Question
What is the function of sebum?
Answer
  • It has antibiotic functions and protects us from bacteria
  • It moisturizes skin and hair
  • It allows us to lose heat when we are too hot

Question 32

Question
Hair and nails are made out of the same substance: keratin. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 33

Question
What does soft keratin contain that hard keratin does not?
Answer
  • Granular layer
  • Adipose tissue
  • Type II collagen

Question 34

Question
What are the two types of sweat gland found in skin?
Answer
  • Sebaceous
  • Apocrine
  • Eccrine

Question 35

Question
Which of these sweat glands produces smelly sweat?
Answer
  • Apocrine
  • Eccrine

Question 36

Question
What is the mechanism of secretion for eccrine sweat glands?
Answer
  • Holocrine
  • Apotosis
  • Merocrine

Question 37

Question
How are eccrine sweat glands innervated?
Answer
  • Sympathetic cholenergic control
  • Sympathetic adrenergic control
  • Parasympathetic cholenergic control

Question 38

Question
Where on the body are apocrine sweat glands found?
Answer
  • Hands and feet
  • Armpits
  • Genitalia and groin
  • Everywhere that there is thick hair on the body

Question 39

Question
What is the innervation of apocrine sweat glands?
Answer
  • Sympathetic adrenergic control
  • Sympathetic cholenergic control
  • Parasympathetic cholenergic control

Question 40

Question
What is the function of vitamin D?
Answer
  • Regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism
  • Regulates sodium and calcium metabolism
  • Regulates sodium and potassium metabolism

Question 41

Question
How much vitamin D is produced by our skin?
Answer
  • 25%
  • 55%
  • 70%
  • 90%

Question 42

Question
Lack of vitamin D in adults can cause what disease?
Answer
  • Osteomalacia
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Rickets
  • Osteoporosis

Question 43

Question
Where in the body is vitamin D activated?
Answer
  • Blood vessels
  • Kidneys
  • Spleen

Question 44

Question
In what layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found?
Answer
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale

Question 45

Question
What is the histological appearance of melanocytes?
Answer
  • Dark, flat cells resting on the basement membrane
  • Cells with many dendrites which mostly penetrate the basale layer
  • Round cells with visible granules inside

Question 46

Question
What does melanin do?
Answer
  • Gives skin its colour
  • Protects the skin from harmful UV radiation
  • All of the above

Question 47

Question
What are the two types of melanin?
Answer
  • Eumelanin
  • Pheomelanin
  • Fibromelanin
  • Neomelanin

Question 48

Question
How do these two types of melanin cause the wide range of skin colours seen in humans?
Answer
  • They are mixed in different ratios
  • Darker skinned people have more melanin than lighter skinned people
  • Lighter skinned people only have one type of melanin
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