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The Tracheobronchial Tree and the Pleurae

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Medicine Anatomy of Systems Quiz on The Tracheobronchial Tree and the Pleurae, created by Charlotte Jakes on 14/05/2020.
Charlotte Jakes
Quiz by Charlotte Jakes, updated more than 1 year ago
Charlotte Jakes
Created by Charlotte Jakes about 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What marks the beginning of the tracheobronchial tree?
Answer
  • The trachea
  • The carina
  • The bronchi
  • The larynx

Question 2

Question
Where does the trachea arise?
Answer
  • At the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
  • At the carina
  • At the level of the 1st rib
  • At the level of C1

Question 3

Question
At what level does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left main bronchi?
Answer
  • Sternal angle (T4/T5)
  • T1
  • At the entry of the superior vena cava into the right atrium
  • At the gastrooesophageal junction

Question 4

Question
In what relation is the trachea compared to the oesophagus?
Answer
  • Anterior
  • Posterior

Question 5

Question
The trachea is held open by cartilage. What shape does this cartilage take?
Answer
  • C-shaped rings
  • Circular rings
  • Biconcave rings
  • U-shaped rings

Question 6

Question
What supports the free ends of the rings of cartilage that support the trachea?
Answer
  • Trachealis muscle
  • Collagen
  • The vertebrae
  • Adipose tissue

Question 7

Question
What type of epithelium will you find in the trachea and bronchi?
Answer
  • Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • Ciliated stratified squamous epithelium
  • Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
  • Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

Question
The trachea and bronchi's epithelia are interspersed with goblet cells. What is the function of these goblet cells?
Answer
  • Produce mucous
  • Produce surfactant
  • Ciliated
  • Secrete antimicrobial enzymes

Question 9

Question
What name is given to the combined system which traps inhaled particles and pathogens and moves them up out of the airways to be swallowed and destroyed?
Answer
  • Mucociliary escalator
  • Ciliary system
  • Mucous system
  • Tracheobronchial escalator

Question 10

Question
What name is given to the ridge of cartilage at the bifurcation of the trachea which runs anteroposteriorly between the openings of the two bronchi?
Answer
  • Carina
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx
  • Cricothyroid cartilage

Question 11

Question
The carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea for triggering the cough reflex.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
What provides the trachea with sensory innervation?
Answer
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Left vagus nerve
  • Right vagus nerve
  • Cervical plexus

Question 13

Question
The trachea is vascularised by the tracheal branches of the...
Answer
  • Inferior thyroid artery
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Coronary arteries
  • Pulmonary arteries

Question 14

Question
Which of the following provide the venous drainage of the trachea?
Answer
  • Brachiocephalic veins
  • Azygos vein
  • Accessory hemiazygos vein
  • Coeliac trunk

Question 15

Question
Which main bronchus is wider, shorter, and descends more vertically than its counterpart?
Answer
  • Right main bronchus
  • Left main bronchus

Question 16

Question
In which main bronchus is there a higher incidence of foreign body inhalation?
Answer
  • Right main bronchus
  • Left main bronchus

Question 17

Question
The right superior lobar bronchus arises before the right main bronchus enters the hilum of the right lung.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the arch of the aorta?
Answer
  • Inferiorly
  • Superiorly
  • Anteriorly
  • Posteriorly

Question 19

Question
Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the thoracic aorta and oesophagus?
Answer
  • Anteriorly
  • Posteriorly
  • Inferiorly
  • Superiorly

Question 20

Question
In the lungs, both main/primary bronchi divide into lobar/secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe. How many lobar bronchi does the right lung have?
Answer
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 4

Question 21

Question
In the lungs, both main/primary bronchi divide into lobar/secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe. How many lobar bronchi does the left lung have?
Answer
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Question 22

Question
The lobar/secondary bronchi then bifurcate into several segmental/tertiary bronchi. What do these supply?
Answer
  • Bronchopulmonary segments
  • Lobes of the lung
  • Alveoli
  • Interstitial tissue

Question 23

Question
Which is true of the cartilage of the MAIN bronchi?
Answer
  • Completely circular rings
  • C-shaped rings
  • Crescent shaped rings
  • No cartilage

Question 24

Question
Which is true of the cartilage of the lobar and segmental bronchi?
Answer
  • Crescent-shaped
  • C-shaped
  • Complete rings
  • No cartilage

Question 25

Question
Which of the following innervate the bronchi?
Answer
  • Pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve (CNX)
  • Accessory nerve (CNXI)
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-T9)

Question 26

Question
The bronchi are supplied by the bronchial arteries and drained by the bronchial veins.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
Where do the bronchial arteries arise from?
Answer
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Renal arteries
  • Coeliac trunk
  • Common hepatic artery

Question 28

Question
The bronchial veins drain into the accessory hemiazygos vein, the azygos vein and the superior vena cava.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe how the bronchi divide to serve the lungs.
Image:
Tracheobronchial+Tree (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Right upper lobe
  • Right middle lobe
  • Right lower lobe
  • Superior division
  • Lingular division
  • Left upper lobe
  • Left lower lobe
  • Bronchi of the right upper lobe
  • Bronchi of the right middle lobe
  • Bronchi of the right lower lobe
  • Bronchi of the left upper lobe
  • Bronchi of the left lower lobe

Question 30

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the tracheobronchial tree.
Image:
Tracheobronchila+Tree+Baby! (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Main/primary bronchi
  • Segmental/tertiary
  • Subsegmental/quaternary bronchi
  • Lobar/secondary bronchi
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Right main bronchus
  • Left main bronchus
  • Right superior lobar bronchus
  • Intermediate bronchus
  • Right middle lobar bronchus
  • Right inferior lobar bronchus
  • Segmental bronchi
  • Subsegmental bronchi
  • Left superior lobar bronchi
  • Lingular bronchus
  • Inferior lobar bronchus

Question 31

Question
What is the lingula?
Answer
  • A homologue of the middle lobe in the left lung
  • The notch in the left lung caused by the apex of the heart
  • The ring of cartilage transversing the bronchi at the bifurcation of the trachea
  • The point at which the larynx becomes the trachea

Question 32

Question
The bronchioles are the smallest airways of the tracheobronchial tree. Which of the following do they NOT contain?
Answer
  • Club cells
  • Cartilage
  • Goblet cells
  • Cilia
  • Smooth muscle

Question 33

Question
What do the club cells of the bronchioles secrete?
Answer
  • Surfactant
  • Mucous
  • Histamine
  • Nitric oxide

Question 34

Question
Which bronchioles are the initial bronchioles which transport air but lack glands and are not involved in gas exchange?
Answer
  • Conducting bronchioles
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles

Question 35

Question
Conducting bronchioles branch into...
Answer
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles

Question 36

Question
Which bronchioles end in alveoli?
Answer
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Conducting bronchioles

Question 37

Question
What type of epithelium will you find in the alveoli?
Answer
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 38

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the passage of air in the tracheobronchial tree.
Image:
Bronchioles (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Main/primary bronchus
  • Lobar/secondary bronchus
  • Segmental/tertiary bronchi
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar duct
  • Alveolus
  • Lobule

Question 39

Question
What are the pleurae?
Answer
  • Serous membranes lining the lungs and thoracic cavity
  • Serous membranes covering the heart
  • The borders of the lungs
  • The terminal bronchioles of the lungs

Question 40

Question
The serous membranes consist of what?
Answer
  • Simple squamous cells (mesothelium) supported by connective tissue
  • Simple squamous cells (mesothelium)
  • Fibrous connective tissue
  • Adipose connective tissue

Question 41

Question
Which pleural membrane covers the lungs?
Answer
  • Visceral pleura
  • Parietal pleura

Question 42

Question
Which pleural membrane lines the internal surface of the thoracic cavity?
Answer
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Question 43

Question
What is the pleural cavity?
Answer
  • The potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura
  • The space between the parietal pleura and thoracic wall
  • The space between the visceral pleura and lungs
  • The space between the visceral pleura and heart

Question 44

Question
Which layer of the pleurae is thicker?
Answer
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Question 45

Question
The visceral pleura does not extend into the interlobar fissures.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Where is the visceral pleura continuous with the parietal pleura?
Answer
  • At the hilum of the lung
  • At the bifurcation of the trachea
  • At the apex of the lung
  • At the base of the lung

Question 47

Question
The pleural cavity contains a small volume of serous fluid. This helps lubricate the surfaces of the pleurae as well as...
Answer
  • Provide surface tension to ensure the lungs expand when the thorax expands
  • Antimicrobial function
  • Provides a root for neurovasculature
  • Provides a root for the bronchioles

Question 48

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the regions of the parietal pleura.
Image:
Visceral+Pleura (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Cervical
  • Costal
  • Mediastinal
  • Diaphragmatic

Question 49

Question
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this cross section through the thoracic cavity, paying attention to the pleurae.
Image:
Lungs+Cross+Section (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Vertebra
  • Right lung
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
  • Pleural cavity
  • Pericardial membranes
  • Sternum
  • Anterior mediastinum
  • Heart
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Thoracic wall
  • Left lung
  • Left pulmonary vein
  • Left pulmonary artery
  • Left main bronchus
  • Root of lung at hilum
  • Oesophagus

Question 50

Question
What are the pleural recesses?
Answer
  • Where opposing surfaces of the parietal pleura touch
  • Where there is no fluid in the pleural membranes
  • Where there is no visceral pleura covering the lungs
  • Where the visceral pleura becomes continuous with parietal pleura

Question 51

Question
Why are the pleural recesses of clinical importance?
Answer
  • Provide a location where fluid can collect
  • Provide a location where irritation of the lungs occurs
  • Provide a location where the thoracic wall is vulnerable
  • Provide a location where pulmonary embolisms are likely

Question 52

Question
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the pleural recesses.
Image:
Pleural+Recesses (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Trachea
  • Cervical pleura
  • Endothoracic fascia
  • Costal pleura
  • Pleural cavity
  • Visceral pleura
  • Diaphragmatic pleura
  • Costodiaphragmatic recess
  • Mediastinal pleura
  • Lingula
  • Costomediastinal recess
  • Cardiac notch
  • Costal surface of left lung

Question 53

Question
Which pleural membrane is sensitive to pressure, pain and temperature?
Answer
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Question 54

Question
Which pleural membrane is not sensitive to pain temperature or touch - it is only sensitive to stretch?
Answer
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Question 55

Question
Which parts of the parietal pleura are innervated by the segmental intercostal nerves, meaning pain here is highly localised?
Answer
  • Costal
  • Cervical
  • Diaphragmatic
  • Mediastinal

Question 56

Question
Which parts of the parietal pleura are innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3-C5), meaning pain there is referred to the shoulders?
Answer
  • Diaphragmatic
  • Mediastinal
  • Costal
  • Cervical

Question 57

Question
Which pleural membrane is supplied by the pulmonary plexus - a network of fibres from the sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve?
Answer
  • Visceral pleura
  • Parietal pleura

Question 58

Question
Which pleural membrane is supplied by the intercostal arteries?
Answer
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Question 59

Question
Which pleural membrane is supplied by the bronchial arteries?
Answer
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
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