Question 1
Question
Which of the following is not a pattern of cell death in tissues?
Answer
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fibrinoid necrosis
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fat necrosis
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coagulative necrosis
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contracture necrosis
Question 2
Question
Compare acute cell injury with cellular adaptations.
Answer
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Cellular adaptations develop over a brief period of time and are reversible
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Acute cell injury can be manifested as reversible cell swelling
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Acute cell injury can be manifested as irreversible necrosis
Question 3
Question
What is lipofuscin?
Answer
-
Blue-pigmented cytoplasmic inclusions in stressed cells
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A lipid-containing residual body of autophagy
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An irreversible "wear and tear" pigment
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A product of cells undergoing decreased cell turnover
Question 4
Question
Metatstatic calcification is due to precipitation of calcium at sites of cell/tissue injury
Question 5
Question
Which of the following mechanisms explains the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced fatty liver?
Answer
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Increased delivery of free fatty acids
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Increased lipogenesis
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Decreased apoprotein synthesis for triglyceride export
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Increased utilization of triglycerides and oxidation of fatty acids
Question 6
Question
Metaplasia can be characterized by which of the following?
Answer
-
One adult cell type being replaced by another through chronic injury
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Irreversible change in cells/tissue
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Decreased risk of malignancy/neoplasia
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Increase in cell number
Question 7
Question
Which is an example of physiologic apoptosis?
Question 8
Question
Apoptosis can result from endogenous OR exogenous causes
Question 9
Question
In a Masson Trichrome stain
Answer
-
Nucleic acids stain dark blue
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Connective tissue stains blue
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Proteins stain light purple
Question 10
Question
Which of the following would you expect to see in necrosis?
Answer
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A rounded up, fragmented cell morphology
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Phagocytosis by neutrophils
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Phagocytosis by macrophages and nonprofessional macrophages
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Functionally intact cell membrane
Question 11
Question
You are examining the tissue of a patient who had a subarachnoid hemorrhage. When looking at the brain tissue microscopically, what would you expect to observe in the area of hemorrhage?
Question 12
Question
At what point in cell injury would you expect to observe hydropic change of the cell?
Answer
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< 10 minutes
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10-15 minutes
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15-60 minutes
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4-8 hours
Question 13
Question
You know that irreversible cell injury is often characterized by nuclear changes. Which of the nuclear changes describes pyknosis?
Answer
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Fragmentation of the nucleus into dense basophilic fragments ("nuclear debris")
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Dissolution of nuclear fragments
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Condensation of chromatin
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Dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum
Question 14
Question
In coagulative necrosis, the shapes of cells and tissues change dramatically, but the nuclei/organelles are intact.
Question 15
Question
Where would you expect to see liquefactive necrosis most often?
Answer
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Brain
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Lungs
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Abscesses
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GI tract
Question 16
Question
Your patient's cells and tissues demonstrate obvious enzymatic necrosis. You immediately know the condition that (likely) caused this is:
Answer
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COVID
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Acute pancreatitis
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Myocardial infarction
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Hypercalcemia
Question 17
Question
What is the most common cause of caseous necrosis?
Question 18
Question
Fibrinoid necrosis is caused by injury to vessel walls that causes leakage of protein and fibrin from the circulation that becomes entrapped. Which vascular injury might cause this type of necrosis?
Question 19
Question
What is a heterophagosome?
Answer
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A secondary lysosome involved in digestion of a cell's own organelles
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A primary lysosome fused with absorptive vesicles originating from the plasma membrane
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A small vesicle budding from enzymes on the lateral side of the Golgi apparatus
Question 20
Question
In your elective oncology rotation, a patient presents with multiple calcified breast tumors. You know this to be a result of metastatic calcification.
Question 21
Question
Upon histological examination, tissue cells demonstrate what looks like "nuclear dust". This is characteristic of
Answer
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karyorrhexis
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karyolysis
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karyogram
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pyknosis
Question 22
Question
In response to [blank_start]cigarette smoke[blank_end], columnar epithelial cells of the bronchial epithelium undergo squamous [blank_start]metaplasia[blank_end]. Smoking-induced metaplasia may lead to bronchial squamous cell [blank_start]neoplasia[blank_end].
Answer
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cigarette smoke
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sitting for 12 hours/day
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drinking too much water
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pulmonary HTN
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metaplasia
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hyperplasia
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neoplasia