Which of the following are signs of hyperkalemia? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
Answer
positive Chvostek's sign
tall, tented T waves
abdominal cramping
soft, flabby muscles
paresthesias
Question 2
Question
Why do older adults generally have less total body water than younger adults?
Answer
As functional cells die during the aging process, less water is needed.
The muscle mass of older adults is smaller than the muscle mass of younger adults.
Older adults have a smaller extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid ratio than younger adults.
The plasma volume of older adults is decreased to reduce the risk for excess fluid volume and heart failure.
Question 3
Question
Which clinical manifestation supports the concept that filtration is directly related to hydrostatic pressure?
Answer
Capillary refill is faster in fingers than in toes.
Central venous pressure is lowest in the right atrium.
Pitting edema is usually detected first in dependent areas.
Systolic blood pressure is higher than diastolic blood pressure.
Question 4
Question
When evaluating the hydration status, the nurse observes tenting of the skin on the back of the 87-year-old client’s hand when testing the skin turgor. What is the nurse’s best action?
Answer
Notify the physician.
Examine dependent body areas.
Assess turgor on the client's forehead.
Document the finding as the only action.
Question 5
Question
What effect would an infusion of 200 mL of albumin have on a healthy client's plasma osmotic and hydrostatic pressures?
Which assessment technique would be the best for the nurse to use to determine the adequacy of circulation in a client whose blood osmolarity is 250 mOsm/L?
Answer
Checking urine output
Measuring abdominal girth
Monitoring fluid intake
Comparing the radial pulse with the apical pulse
Question 10
Question
Which community-dwelling healthy person has the greatest risk for dehydration when exposed to a hot, dry environment for several hours?
Answer
50-year-old man
50-year-old woman
80-year-old man
80-year-old woman
Question 11
Question
How is the process of active transport beneficial to human living systems?
Answer
Active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient, allowing fluid compartment volume ionic differences to be maintained.
Active transport allows the fluid lost at the capillary–interstitial compartment interface to be returned by lymph flow to the systemic circulation.
When diffusion is limited by membrane impermeability, active transport maintains homeostasis of osmolarity across all body fluid compartments.
When osmosis cannot occur during periods of anoxia, active transport facilitates movement of glucose across cell membranes so that energy production is not disrupted.