Respiratory: Anatomy and clinical relevance of nasal cavity/larynx

Which meatus communicates with the pterygopalatine fossa via the sphenopalatine foramen and drains the posterior ethmoidal air cells?

Largest anterior ethmoidal air cell that forms the roof of the middle meatus?

The ucinate process relates to which meatus and bone of the nasal cavity?

Gap between bulla ethmoidalis and ucinate process?

Ethmoid infundibulum can be found in which structure of the nasal cavity?

Which structure houses the inferior osmium of the nasolacrimal duct?

Where would you find Hasner's valve?

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain?

What structure allows olfactory epithelium to detect scent?

What are the two main functions of concha?

Label the diagram

Label the vascular supply of the diagram

Label the innervation of the nasal cavity

Piriform cortex, entorhinal area, amygdaloid cortex and corticomedial nuclear group of the amygdala are all involved in [blank_start]olfactory[blank_end] function

Anosmia, hyposmia, hyperaemia are all [blank_start]quantitative[blank_end] olfactory dysfunction and parosmia, phantosmia and olfactory agnosia are all [blank_start]qualitative[blank_end] olfactory dysfunction

There are [blank_start]four[blank_end] paranasal sinuses: [blank_start]Frontal[blank_end], [blank_start]Ethmoid[blank_end], [blank_start]Maxillary[blank_end], [blank_start]Sphenoid[blank_end]

The following applies to which sinus: 'The floor of the sinus slopes toward the midline to reach the primary Ostia and connect the hour-glass shaped recess'

The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the [blank_start]maxillary[blank_end]

Anterior ethmoid sinuses drain into the [blank_start]middle[blank_end] meatus, posterior ethmoid sinuses drain into the [blank_start]superior[blank_end] meatus

The basal lamella separates the anterior and posterior of the [blank_start]ethmoid[blank_end] sinuses

[blank_start]Rhinosinusitis[blank_end] is symptomatic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity

[blank_start]Piriform fossa[blank_end] is the most common site for hypopharygeal cancer

Salpingophayngeus, palatopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus are the [blank_start]longitudinal[blank_end] muscles of the [blank_start]pharynx[blank_end]

The voluntary phase of swallowing consists of which mechanisms?

The pharyngeal phase of swallowing consists of which mechanisms?

The paired cartilage of the larynx are [blank_start]Cuniform[blank_end], [blank_start]Corniculate[blank_end] and [blank_start]Arytenoid[blank_end]

The unpaired cartilage of the larynx are the [blank_start]epiglottis[blank_end], [blank_start]thyroid[blank_end] and [blank_start]cricoid[blank_end]

Label the membranes and ligaments of the larynx

The median cricothyroid ligament can be incised to create an emergency airway during life-threatening situations

Infrahyoid muscles of the larynx:

Muscles of the larynx

Muscles of the larynx

Vasculature of the larynx

The [blank_start]superior[blank_end] laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle, the [blank_start]right[blank_end] recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates the intrinsic larynx muscles and the [blank_start]left[blank_end] recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the aortic arch

The intrinsic larynx muscles adjust the tension of the vocal fold for high notes during singing, thus paresis or paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can result in pitch abnormalities and glissando

This process involves movement of the arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds to allow intermittent release of expired air between the adducted vocal folds resulting in vibration and producing sound

Singing requires [blank_start]prolonged[blank_end] release of air between [blank_start]adducted[blank_end] folds. [blank_start]Thyroarytenoid[blank_end] muscle [blank_start]relaxes[blank_end] vocal folds, making them [blank_start]shorter and thicker[blank_end], this [blank_start]slows[blank_end] down vibration for a [blank_start]lower[blank_end] pitch. [blank_start]Cricothyroid[blank_end] muscle [blank_start]tenses[blank_end] vocal folds, making then [blank_start]longer and thinner[blank_end], this [blank_start]increases[blank_end] speed of vibration for a [blank_start]higher[blank_end] pitch.

A 54yo male has impaired breathing and loss of speech following recent surgery to remove a malignancy in the deep cervical lymph nodes. What is the most likely cause?

There are [blank_start]four[blank_end] paranasal sinuses: f[blank_start]rontal[blank_end], e[blank_start]thmoid[blank_end], m[blank_start]axillary[blank_end], s[blank_start]phenoid[blank_end]

Agger nasi cells can be found in the [blank_start]frontal[blank_end] recess of the [blank_start]inferior[blank_end] border within the [blank_start]frontal[blank_end] sinus