Question 1
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Pre-industrial & Pre- bureaucratic
Question 2
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orgs are small and run by single person who employed family and friends.
Question 3
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era of great man theory and traits theories
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The great man theory suggests that leadership traits could only be inherited.
Question 5
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The traits theory suggests that specific traits or characteristics possessed by an individual made them distinguishable from non-leaders.
Question 6
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Emergence of Hierarchy and Bureaucracy
Question 7
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The world is still stable but organizations are beginning to grow therefore requiring orgs to require rules and standard procedures to ensure that activities are performed efficiently and effectively.
Question 8
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in era 2 the hierarchies of authority caused chaos within organizations and made workers less efficient
Question 9
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Rise of "rational manager" who directs and controls using an impersonal approach
Question 10
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Era where employees weren't expected to think for themselves but rather do what they are told, follow rules and procedures, and accomplish specific tasks
Question 11
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ERA 2 managers were concerned with the big picture rather than details
Question 12
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Era where contingency and behavior theories emerged
Question 13
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contingency theories:
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Leaders can analyze their situation and tailor their behavior to improve leadership effectiveness
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looked at the fact that not all behaviors are appropriate for every situation
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involved situational theories
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emphasized that leadership cannot be understood in a vacuum
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leaders' behavior correlated with leadership effectiveness or ineffectiveness
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suggest that traits are only inherited and cannot be learned or adjusted
Question 14
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Behavior theories:
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Leaders' behavior correlated with leadership effectiveness or ineffectiveness
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First time it was looked at as "anyone can be a leader" not just those who had certain traits
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inherited traits lead to leadership behaviors
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involve situational theories
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suggest that any behavior can be appropriate for every situation
Question 15
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The world is no longer stable and techniques of rational management are no longer successful.
Question 16
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ERA 3 began a confusing time for leaders
Question 17
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emergence of knowledge work and emphasis on horizontal collaboration
Question 18
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Influence theories emerged and leader influence was very important because of the need to change organizational structure and cultures
Question 19
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Leadership shifted from one person being in charge to being shared among team leaders. Members with the most expertise or knowledge on the matter at hand took on leadership roles.
Question 20
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influence theories
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examined the influence between leaders and followers
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charismatic leadership emerged which meant leaders could influence based on their qualities or personality.
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suggest that followers were not easily influenced and were skeptical of change
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state that followers were beginning to have bigger influence on leaders.
Question 21
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digital, mobile, social media age
Question 22
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Emergence of "agile" leaders who made the leap to giving up control in the traditional sense
Question 23
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Leaders emphasized relationships and networks. They were influencing through vision, meaning, purpose, and values rather than management, authority, and control
Question 24
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rational leadership theories
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leaders used rational structure to control followers
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leaders were not accepting of these theories because they didn't want to lose control.
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era 3
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era 4
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focused on how leaders and followers interact and influence one another
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transformational & servant leaders
Question 25
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Phenomenon where individuals can't advance further because of a mismatch between job needs and their personal skills and qualities
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Firing
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Laying off
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Derailment
Question 26
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5 fatal flaws that cause derailment
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Performance problems
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Problems with relationships
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Difficulty changing
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Difficulty building and leading a team
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Too narrow management experience
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Unwillingness to adapt
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Inability to work efficiently
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Failing to see the big picture
Question 27
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4 types of leader behavior
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democratic
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autocratic
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bureaucratic
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task-oriented
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people-oriented
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structured
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laid back
Question 28
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characteristics of people-oriented leadership behavior
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focus on human needs to subordinates
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positive and respectful
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supportive and facilitate interaction
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define goals for employees
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trustworthy and encouraging
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accepting and compassionate
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check progress and work quality
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creates hostility among workers
Question 29
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characteristics of task-oriented leadership behavior
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leaders direct activities toward efficiency, cost cutting, and scheduling
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Goal emphasis and work facilitation
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Acknowledge accomplishments
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Set performance expectations and evaluate performance
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coordinate activities and plan use of resources
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facilitate interaction
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leader delegates authority
Question 30
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Autocratic leader behavior:
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leaders who tend to centralize authority and derive power from position, control of rewards and coercion
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leader who delegates authority to others, encourages participation, relies on subordinates knowledge for task completion, and depend on subordinate respect for influence
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Tends to create hostility among group members/employees
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workers perform even in the absence of the leader
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group members characterize leadership experience by positive feelings
Question 31
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democratic leadership behavior
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a leader who delegates authority to others, encourages participation, relies on subordinates’ knowledge for completion of tasks, and depends on subordinate respect for influence
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a leader who tends to centralize authority and derive power from position, control of rewards and coercion
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creates hostility among group members/employees
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group members perform even in absence of leader
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group members characterize leadership experience with positive feelings
Question 32
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people-oriented and task-oriented behaviors exist autonomously of one another but a leader can display both democratic and autocratic leadership styles simultaneously