Lexical Semantics

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Grundbegriffe der lexical semantics
Michael Tewes
Flashcards by Michael Tewes, updated more than 1 year ago
Michael Tewes
Created by Michael Tewes over 8 years ago
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Question Answer
What is USUAL MEANING? USUAL MEANING: total representational content that is associated with a word for any member of a speech community (as described in dictionaries)
What is OCCASIONAL MEANING? OCCASIONAL MEANING: the representational content that an interlocutor (the one who speaks) associates with a word when he uses it, and which he expects the hearer to associate with the word as well.
What are MORPHOSYNTACTIC PROMINENCE HIERARCHIES? Cases, grammatical functions (Subject, object...) and syntactic positions are ranked, so that some items are more prominent then others. i.e. Nominativ is more prominent then accusative.
What is LEXICAL SEMANTIC PROMINENCE? Is also a kind of hierarchy. i.e. agents have priority to subject position over instruments, which have priority over patients.
Explain PROMINENCE PRESERVATION. Connected to argument alternation, in which one ore more arguments of a verb has multiple encoding options
Explain ARGUMENT / OBLIQUE ALTERNATION. One or more arguments in a clause alternate between: direct ARGUMENT (subject, direct object, and indirect object) and OBLIQUE realization.
What is a DIRECT ARGUMENT? A DIRECT ARGUMENT is one that has the subject, direct object, or indirect object grammatical function (as much as grammatical functions can be determined in a language) and/or structural case such as nominative, accusative, or structural dative
What is an OBLIQUE ARGUMENT? An OBLIQUE ARGUMENT is one that has an oblique grammatical function and/or is marked by a non- structural case/adposition (including semantic dative) or both.
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