Aisha’s not feeling so good (Heart failure)

Heart Development
Edema
1. Increased hydrostatic pi Hypoalbuminemia
2. Increased permeability Lymphatic obstruction
Congestive heart failure
1. Inability of the heart to keep up with the demands on it, with failure of the heart to pump blood with normal efficiency.
2. Left HF
3. Right HF
4. Signs & symptoms
  1. Dyspnea, Orthopnea, Fatigue, Swelling, Irregular heartbeat, Persistent cough (with blood), Chest pain
5. Risk factors
  1. High blood pressure, Coronary artery disease, Heart attack, Congenital heart defect, Valvular heart disease, Alcohol and tobacco.
6. Compensatory physiological response
  1. Increase sympathetic activity renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Myocardial hypertrophy
Physical examination
1. Vital signs
2. Jugular Vein
3. Lungs
4. Hyperdynamic Apical Impulse
Investigations
1. Chest X-Ray
2. Echocardiography
  1. preferred examination in CHF
3. Electrocaardiogram
  1. common finding include: sinus Arrhythmia, pathological Q waves, ST elevation, LBBB, intraventricular conduction delays.
Management
1. Pharmacological therapy
  1. Treat the cause and precipitating factor
  2. 1. Digitalis glycosides (Digoxin) 2. Phosphodiestrase inhibitors 3. Dobutamine and Dopamine 4. Human Natriuretic Peptide 5. Endothelin R Antagonists
  3. Cardio-inotropic drugs
2. Life style
Heart Sounds
Pathogenesis
1. Left HF
  1. Ischemia, MI, Hypertension, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
2. Right HF
  1. Left HF, Left to right shunt, Cor pulmonale.
3. Concentric hypertrophy in pressure overload
4. eccentric hypertrophy in volume overload

Nächster

Aisha’s not feeling so good (Heart failure)

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	Erstellt von mohammed mansour vor etwa 7 Jahre