head injury

Beschreibung

Mindmap am head injury, erstellt von lolita klol am 04/10/2018.
lolita klol
Mindmap von lolita klol, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
lolita klol
Erstellt von lolita klol vor etwa 6 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

head injury
  1. anatomy of brain stem
    1. external surface
      1. nerves
        1. internal features
        2. consciousness
          1. definition
            1. State of being aware of external stimuli and one’s self.
            2. maintained by?
              1. reticular formation system
                1. functions
            3. Causes of loss of Consciousness
              1. Severe blood loss
                1. blow
                  1. Car accident
                    1. Drug overdose
                      1. Dehydration
                        1. Low blood sugar/pressure
                    2. leading to contusion/ concussion
                      1. Concussion VS Contusion
                        1. Concussion?
                          1. Physiologic disruption in brain function due to trauma leading to loss of consciousness. (Due to electrical disturbance) Can be accompanied with memory loss, altered neurological deficit.
                            1. Complications of Concussion
                              1. Post concussion syndrome
                                1. Convulsive motor phenomena
                                  1. Post traumatic seizures
                                    1. Depression
                                      1. Second Impact Syndrome
                            2. contusion
                              1. Hemorrhages on the surface of the brain “bruising of brain tissue
                              2. Discharge Guidelines after Concussion
                                1. Details of the injury. Important Symptoms Companion - 24 hours Recovery, difficulties or complications. Hospital Contact details
                        2. symptoms:
                          1. Slurred speech
                            1. Rapid heartbeat
                              1. confusion
                                1. Lightheadedness
                                  1. Sudden inability to respond
                        3. hemorrhages types
                          1. uncal herniation
                            1. . It will herniate downward compressing on brain stem. This can sqeeze oculomotor nerve (supplying eye muscle).
                              1. Also it will push the left side of midbrain compressing the cerebral crus which contain the motor tracts so they will all be compressed leading to ilpsilateral muscle weakness (cuz crossing happenes in pyramids).
                            2. Investigations
                              1. Airway
                                1. to ensures adequate oxygenation and prevents aspiration.
                                2. circulation
                                  1. SBP: between 120 and 140 mm Hg Prevent hypotension (SBP less than 90 mm Hg in adults)
                                  2. Glasgow coma scale
                                    1. management
                                      1. Endotracheal Intubation
                                        1. phenytoin
                                          1. Mannitol
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