Endocrine Principles

3 types of hormones
1. Amines; tyrosine-derived
  1. Catecholamines (water-soluble)
  2. Thyroid Hormones T3/4 (hydrophobic)
2. Peptides (basically all other hormones)
  1. Hypothalamic hormones (except dopAMINE)
  2. Pituitary hormones
  3. GIT hormones
3. Steroids (cholestrol derivative)
  1. Sex Hormones (androgens)
  2. Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aldosterone + Cortisol + androgens
  3. Renal 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
3 stimuli for hormone secretion
1. Tropic Hormones
  1. Hormones that stimulate hormone secretion. Eg: hypothalamic or pituitary hormones.
2. Plasma levels of minerals, glucose, hormones.
  1. Since most hormones regulate the levels of salt, sugar, and functional hormones in the body, thus their levels are homeostasically intertwined with (and regulated by) them.
3. Neurotransmitters
  1. Involvement of the CNS indicates that hormone secretion is also regulated by thoughts, emotions, or autonomic signals etc.
Clearance
1. Rate of removal of hormone from the blood; metabolic clearance rate = Rate of disappearance from blood / Plasma concentration of hormone
2. 3 types
  1. Renal Excretion
  2. Hepatic modification or excretion into bile
  3. Interstitial/Intercellular metabolism
Permisiveness
1. Some hormones cause up-regulation of receptors and intracellular signaling proteins for another hormone, creating a greater than normal sensitivity to that other hormone's stimulatory function.
2. Ex: Thyroid hormones up-regulate B-Adrenergic receptors for catcholamines, enhancing their effects in the body.

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Endocrine Principles

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