Nutrient Basics

Definition- substances found in food that provide energy, build/repair tissue, and regulate body functions
6 types: water, carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins, minerals
1. Only carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide energy
  1. Water- most basic nutrient, and most important. The body can't survive without it for more than a few days.
  2. Carbohydrates- come in two types- ideal source of energy, should make up 55-65% of daily food intake
    1. simple carbs- high in calories, low in nutritional value
      1. Found in candy, soda, jellies, fruits, juices, milk, and yogurt
    2. Complex carbs- rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber
      1. found in whole grain breads and pasta, vegetables, rice, tortillas, and legumes
      2. Fiber- aids digestion and elimination
        Binds with cholesterol and carries it out of the body
  3. Proteins- provides energy and helps to build/repair/maintain body tissues
    1. found in meat, fish, eggs, poultry, dairy, legumes, nuts, and seeds
    2. Cannot be store for later use
    3. made up of amino acids- complete proteins have all amino acids, incomplete lack one or more
  4. Fats- helps brain and nerves to function- most concentrated in calories
    1. carries fat-soluble vitamins
    2. 2 kinds- trans fats and saturated fats- trans fats are more harmful
    3. Cholesterol- fat -like substance found in every cell
      1. Helps make necessary cells and aids in disgestion
  5. VItamins- help break down/release energy from proteins, carbs, and fat
  6. Minerals- help perform a wide variety of essential functions in the body

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Nutrient Basics

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