Memory

Memory

Multi-Store Explanation of Memory
1. Encoding: changing information so that it can be stored
2. Storage: holding information in the memory system
  1. Sensory Store: holds information received from the senses for a very short period of time
  2. Short-term Store: holds approximately seven chunks of information for a limited amount of time
    1. Peterson and Peterson
      1. To see if rehearsal was necessary to hold information in the short-term store
  3. Long-term Store: holds a vast amount of information for a very long period of time
3. Retrieval: recovering information from storage
4. Murdock
  1. To provide evidence to support the multi-store explanation of memory
    1. Recency effect: information received later is recalled better than earlier information
    2. Primacy effect: the first information received is recalled better than subsequent information
Reconstructive Memory
1. Bartlett
  1. The War of the Ghosts
  2. To see if people, when given something unfamiliar to remember, would alter the information
2. Wynn and Logie
  1. To see if the recall of unfamiliar stories changed in the same way that Bartlett found with unfamiliar stories
Levels of Processing
1. Structural Processing: thinking about the physical appearance of words to be learnt
2. Phonetic Processing: thinking about the wound of words to be learnt
3. Semantic Processing: thinking about the meaning of words to be learnt
4. Craik and Lockahrt
  1. To see if the type of question asked about words have an effect on the umber of words recalled
Interference
1. Retroactive Interference: when information we have recently learnt hinders our ability to recall information we have learnt previously
2. Proactive interference: when information we have already learnt hinders our ability to recall new information
3. Underwood and Postman
  1. To see if new learning interferes with previous learning

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