Zusammenfassung der Ressource
5.1 Building Blocks of Growth and Development
- The Endocrine System
- Pituitary gland:
master gland
- Produces
growth hormone
- Thyroid gland
Anmerkungen:
- role in physical growth and development of the nervous system
- Lack of which can
cause intellectual
problems
- Secretes sex
hormones
- Androgens:
stimulates
production of
growth hormone
and male sexual
development
and motivation
- Estrogen and progesterone
- Estrogen:
stimulates
production
of growth
hormone
and sexual
development
- Progesterone:
controls bodily
changes
allowing
conception and
pregnancy
- Adrenal gland secrete
hormones contributing to
maturation in both sexes
- Collaborates with the nervous system
- The Nervous System
- Brain Development
- Much
growth
occurs
after birth
- Early in
formation;
brain is
plastic
Anmerkungen:
- Critical/sensitive
period for brain
development
Anmerkungen:
- late prenatal period and early infancy
- Laterilization
Anmerkungen:
- asymmetrical specialiations of the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
- evident at birth
- Left:sequential,
analytical
- Right: emotion;
simultaneous
processing of
info
- Two sides work together
- Possible for one hemisphere
to take over the function of the
other if damaged
- Never truly complete
- Undergoes neurogenesis
throughout life
- The Aging Brain
- Conditions that cause serious brain
damage are not normal (aging)
- Normal
- gradual, relatively mild
degeneration of the nervous
system
- Loss of neurons;
diminished
functioning
- Greater in areas controlling
sensory and motor activities
- harmful changes in tissues supporting neurons
- Brain weight and volume decrease over adult years
- Senile Plaques
Anmerkungen:
- hard areas in the tissue surrounding neurons that may interfere with neuronal functioning and seen in abundance in people with Alzheimer's disease
- Process info. slower
- Middle age brings greater integration of
the left and right hemispheres of the brain
- Can avoid
brain
degeneration
by remaining
intellectually
and physically
active
- Principles of Growth
- Cephalocaudal principle
- Growth in head to tail direction
- Proximodistal Principle
- growth from the center outward to
the extrmities
- E.g: muscle growth
- Orthogenetic Principle
- Global development
towards increasing
differentiation and
hierarchical integration
- E.g: Development from a
cell to an organism
- Life-Span Developmental Model of Health
- Health is a lifelong process
- Health is multidimensional
- Development involves gains and losses
- Occurs in a sociohistorical context and is influenced by it;
esp. socioeconomic status