Social perception

Constructing an understanding of the social world from the data we get through our senses
Attribution Theory
1. observe others behaviours and then infer backward to causes that explain why people act as they do
2. Dispositional attribution
  1. Internal state of the person
3. Situational attribution
  1. person's environment
4. Inferring Disposition from acts
  1. 2 steps
  2. Fractors that influenced which effects the person is pursuing
    1. Commonality
    2. Social desirability
    3. Normative Expectations
5. Convariation Model Of Attribution
  1. Principal of covariation
    1. behaviour cause by action, object, context
      1. 3 types of information
        Consensus
        Consistency
        Distinctiveness
6. Attribution for succes and failure
  1. Determinants of Attributed Causes
  2. Consequences
Schemas
1. Categorization
  1. perceive stimuli as members of groups or classes rather than as isolated, unique entities
    1. compare that person to our prototype of the category
      1. prototype
        abstraction that represents the "typical instance of a class or group
  2. Complicated because categories not isolated from one another
2. well-organised structure of cognitions about some social entity such as a person, group, role or event
3. TYPES:
  1. Person
    1. sel-schemas
      1. group schemas
        role schemas
        event schemas
        important recurring social events
        Captain of a sports team
        Sterotypes
      2. conception of our own characteristics
    2. cognitive structures that describe the personalities of others
4. Schemas not always work
  1. Schematic Processing
    1. Know how to applied a schema to the situation
      1. Know what's important
    2. Schematic memory
      1. Schematic Inference
        Schematic Judgement
    3. Drawbacks
Person schemas and group stereotypes
1. Mental maps
2. Implicite Personality theories
  1. Halo effect
3. Group Stereotypes
  1. Positive and negative
  2. stereotype treated
  3. Common:
    1. Racial
      1. ethnic
        Gender groups
  4. Origins
    1. 2:
      1. build a stereotype by generalising because of a direct experience
        biased distribution of members into social roles
  5. Errors
Impression Formation
1. organize diverse information into unified impression of the other person
Trait Centrality
1. Trait that has a larger impact on the overall impression we form of that person
First impresions
1. especially important and have enduring impact
  1. Primary effect
  2. Recency effect
Self-fulfilling Prophecies
1. Because our actions evoke appropriate reactions from others, our 1st impressions are often confirmed by the reactions of others
2. Heuristics
  1. Availability
  2. representativeness
  3. Anchoring and Adjustment
Bias and Error in Attribution
1. Fundamental attribution error
2. Focus-of-attention bias
3. actor-observer difference
  1. 2 explanations:
    1. different visual perspective
      1. different access to information
4. Motivational Bias
  1. Self-serving bias

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Social perception

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	Erstellt von Andrea de Sayve vor fast 8 Jahre