Frage 1
Frage
Of the 5 cell types of adipose tissue, which are counted as the “stromal vascular fraction”?
Frage 2
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What proportion of the volume of adipose tissues is taken up by Adipocytes (as opposed to Fibroblasts, Preadipocytes, Vascular endothelial cells, Immune cells)?
Frage 3
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What is the effect of Insulin on each of the following things within Adipose tissue?
Glucose uptake: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Fatty Acid synthesis: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Fatty Acid storage: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Protein synthesis: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Fatty Acid release: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Antworten
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Stimulate
-
Inhibit
-
Stimulate
-
Inhibit
-
Stimulate
-
Inhibit
-
Stimulate
-
Inhibit
-
Stimulate
-
Inhibit
Frage 4
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Adipocytes make triglycerides from which of the following:
Antworten
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Glucose
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Fatty Acids
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Cholesterol
Frage 5
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Adipocytes release adipokines like Leptin. Leptin is an example of which of the following:
Antworten
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Lipids
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Hormones
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Peptides
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Cytokines
Frage 6
Frage
Adipokines include which of the following:
Antworten
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Lipids
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Hormones
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Peptides
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Cytokines
Frage 7
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Adipokines have been shows to influence which of the following:
Antworten
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Metabolism
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Food intake
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Energy expenditure
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Inflammation
Frage 8
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True or false: Adipokines are secreted from adipocytes, but can also be secreted from other sites.
Frage 9
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Which gene is missing in the obese “OB” mouse?
Frage 10
Frage
Leptin is released from the adipose tissue, then communicates with the [blank_start]__________[blank_end] to [blank_start]__________[blank_end]/[blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Frage 11
Frage
True or false: Most obese people are Leptin-deficient.
Frage 12
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Define Lipodystrophy:
Antworten
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LACK of fat (in adipose tissue)
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EXCESS of fat (in adipose tissue)
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DISRUPTION of function of fat (in adipose tissue)
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EXCESSIVE function of fat (in adipose tissue)
Frage 13
Frage
Leptin is a key hormone released from adipose tissue and is involved in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] metabolism in the WHOLE BODY.
Antworten
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Glucose
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Lipid
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Neither
-
Both
Frage 14
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True or false: Leptin therapy is a promising mode of treatment for most obese patients.
Frage 15
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True or false: Leptin therapy is a promising mode of treatment for patients with Type 1 Diabetes.
Frage 16
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True or false: Leptin therapy is a promising mode of treatment for patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Frage 17
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The adipokine Adiponectin is one of the most highly secreted proteins in our blood. Its secretion is generally [blank_start]__________[blank_end] in obesity.
Antworten
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Reduced
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Increased
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Unaffected
Frage 18
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[blank_start]__________[blank_end] acts to stimulate AMP-kinase to increase β-oxidation [and] increase glucose uptake into the cell.
Antworten
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Adiponectin
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Leptin
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Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Frage 19
Frage
True or false: In addition to being stimulated by some adipokines, AMP-kinase is also regulated by exercise, to stimulate energy expenditure within a cell.
Frage 20
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Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia (with a view on adipocytes)
Hypertrophy = increase in [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
Hyperplasia = increase in [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Frage 21
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True or false: Ectopic Lipid Accumulation is the “spill over” when adipocytes reach saturation and lipids start getting into other tissues (e.g. muscle, liver) where it causes metabolic dysfunction.
Frage 22
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True or false: Lipodystrophy is the “spill over” when adipocytes reach saturation and lipids start getting into other tissues (e.g. muscle, liver) where it causes metabolic dysfunction.
Frage 23
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Which of the two distributions are more strongly associated with metabolic disease?
“Android” distribution – more around the upper body;
“Gynoid” distribution – more around the lower body.
Frage 24
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True or false: BMI = Body Mass Index; WHR = Waist-Hip Ratio
Frage 25
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Someone with a higher upper-body fat distribution will need to __________ in order to maintain homeostasis.
Antworten
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Secrete MORE insulin
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Secrete LESS insulin
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Absorb MORE insulin
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Absorb LESS insulin
Frage 26
Frage
True or false: Chronic inflammation often correlates with obesity because there’s increased migration of macrophages into the ADIPOSE tissue.
Frage 27
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Which of the following are associated with [adipose] hypertrophy and [adipose] hyperplasia?
Antworten
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Hypoxia
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Fibrosis
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Inflammation