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Different forms of the same gene - they can be dominant or recessive
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allele
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trait
Frage 2
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a fertilized ovum/egg that contains the full set of chromosomes
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zygote
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gamete
Frage 3
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allele which is always expressed even if only one is present- written with an upper-case letter e.g. "A"
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dominant
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recessive
Frage 4
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threadlike structure of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of cells- carries genetic information in the form of genes
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nucleotide
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chromosome
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cell
Frage 5
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cell part that contains chromosomes
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nucleus
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gene
Frage 6
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meiosis
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cell division in testies and ovaries producing four new cells (gametes) - genetically different to each other, and to the parent cell
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cell division body cells for growth and repair - produces 2 new cells genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell
Frage 7
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exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes
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crossing over
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independent assortment
Frage 8
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cross between unknown genotype organism and a homozygous recessive to work out the genotype of the offspring
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punnet square
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test cross
Frage 9
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short length of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular trait/characteristic or cell activity
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DNA
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chromosome
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cell
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gene
Frage 10
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having the same structural features (length) and pattern of genes
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homozygous chromosomes
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variation
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homologous chromosomes
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mutation
Frage 11
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a genetically determined characteristic
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trait
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allele
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gene
Frage 12
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cell division body cells for growth and repair - produces 2 new cells genetically identical to each other and the parent cell
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mitosis
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meiosis
Frage 13
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process responsible for forming new alleles
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mutation
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variation
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independent assortment
Frage 14
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chromosomes X and Y that determine the sex of an individual
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sex chromosomes
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homologous chromosomes
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gamete
Frage 15
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individuals that are homozygous - will always produce the same offspring when crossed together
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pure breeding
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sexual reproduction
Frage 16
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pest infestation, disease, drought or flood could be examples of a... Changing environment
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- True
- False
Frage 17
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having a full set of chromosomes (2n); having a pair of each type of chromosome
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diploid
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haploid
Frage 18
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organisim produced asexually from one parent - offspring identical to both its parent and siblings
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clone
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homozygous
Frage 19
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substance carrying organism's genetic information
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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chromosome
Frage 20
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difference between organisms within a population - can be continuous or discontinuous
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variation
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mutation
Frage 21
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the observable characteristics of an individual resulting from its genotype
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phenotype
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genotype
Frage 22
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forms the basic stuctural unit of DNA, composed of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group and a base
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nucleotide
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amino acids
Frage 23
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basic building blocks of proteins
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amino acids
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DNA
Frage 24
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the particular alleles of an organisim
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genotype
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phenotype
Frage 25
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an individual with two alleles that are different for a particular trait
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heterozygous
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homozygous
Frage 26
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an individual with two alleles that are the same for a particular trait
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homozygous
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heterozygous
Frage 27
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individual that carries a gene for a particular trait, does not express the trait, but can pass that trait on
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carrier
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recessive
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clone
Frage 28
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sexual reproduction involves two parents - offspring are different to the parent and to each other
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- True
- False
Frage 29
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the joining of the male and female gamete is called fertilization
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- True
- False
Frage 30
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recessive
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allele which is only expressed when two of them are present - written in a lower-case letter E.g. 'a'
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allele which is always expressed even if only one is present - written with an upper-case letter E.g. 'A'
Frage 31
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name for the offspring of the cross BB x bb and their offspring and their offspring...
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F1 generation
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F2 generation
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F3generation
Frage 32
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What are the parts of DNA involved in pairing
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cytosine
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guanine
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adenine
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thymine
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nucleotide
Frage 33
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gamete
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reproductive cells that contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell
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body cells that contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Frage 34
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important to population and species survival in a changing environment
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variation
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clones
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independent assortment
Frage 35
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a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
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punnet square
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test cross
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pedigree chart
Frage 36
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carries instructions to the next generation and determines phenotype
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DNA
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chromosomes
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genes
Frage 37
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a permanent change in the base sequence of DNA
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mutation
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variation
Frage 38
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asexual reproduction
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reproduction involving only one parent (usually female) - offspring genetically identical to the parent and each other
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reproduction involving two parents - offspring different to the parents
Frage 39
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each homologous pair of chromosomes lines up at equator - maternal or parental - independently of other homologous pairs
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independent assortment
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crossing over
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