Frage 1
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EGF-(R) = [blank_start]Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor)
ER = [blank_start]Estrogen Receptor[blank_end]
HER = [blank_start]Human Epidermal Receptor[blank_end]
HPV = [blank_start]Human PapillomaVirus[blank_end]
PR = [blank_start]Progesterone Receptor[blank_end]
VEGF (R) = [blank_start]Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor)
TKI = [blank_start]Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor[blank_end]
ALK = [blank_start]Anaplastic lymphoma kinase[blank_end]
CRC = [blank_start]Colorectal carcinoma[blank_end]
MCA = [blank_start]Monoclonal antibody[blank_end]
Antworten
-
Estrogen Receptor
-
Human Epidermal Receptor
-
Human PapillomaVirus
-
Progesterone Receptor
-
Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor
-
Epidermal Growth Factor
-
Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor
-
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
-
Colorectal carcinoma
-
Monoclonal antibody
Frage 2
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According to WHO data by 2030, malignancies will be the leading cause of mortality. What place do they occupy now?
Antworten
-
third
-
fourth
-
second
-
first
Frage 3
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Which are the most often occurring tumors in children up to 10 years of age?
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neuroblastoma, leukemias, gastrointestinal tumors
-
acute leukemias, brain tumors, Wilms tumor
-
retinoblastoma, nephroblastoma, gastrointestinal tumors
-
lymphomas, leukemias, brain tumors
Frage 4
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What are the most common neoplasias in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life?
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-
soft tissue tumors, testicular carcinoma
-
mesenchymal tumors, breast cancer
-
gastrointestinal tumors, osteosarcoma
-
lung cancer, head and neck tumors
Frage 5
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What are the most common neoplasias in the 3rd and 4th decades of life?
Antworten
-
female genital tract tumors, male genital tract tumors
-
breast cancer, uterine cancer, CRC
-
lung cancer, breast cancer, CNS tumors
-
head and neck tumors, sarcomas
Frage 6
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What are the most common neoplasias after the 5th decade of life?
Antworten
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Lung carcinoma, prostate gland carcinoma
-
Tumors of GIT, bladder carcinoma
-
CRC, prostate and lung carcinoma
-
Head and neck tumors, lung cancer
Frage 7
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There are differences In cancer morbidity and mortality between males and females. What is the gender predominance of CRC and stomach cancer?
Frage 8
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Depending on geographic latitudes there is differential endemic Spread of neoplasms. Gastric carcinoma occurs predominantly in:
Antworten
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USA, Europe, Japan
-
Asia, Europe
-
Latin America, Eastern Europe, Japan
-
Southeast Asia and Africa
Frage 9
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CRC occurs with the highest frequency in:
Frage 10
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Mammary carcinoma is rare in:
Frage 11
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The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with infectious mononucleosis nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. The latter has marked endemic spread:
Antworten
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The Scandinavian countries, Mongolia
-
Malaysia, Uganda, New Guinea
-
Japan, the Philippines
-
Australia and New Zealand
Frage 12
Antworten
-
testing a group of people for the detection of early-stage cancers
-
examining a group of people when certain symptoms and complaints are present
-
detection of unplanned disease by tests and procedures that can be applied quickly
-
evidence of disease’s initial symptoms
Frage 13
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What types of cancer screenings are available?
Antworten
-
Lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast cancer
-
CRC, prostate, stomach
-
Breast cancer, prostate, cervical carcinoma
-
CRC, breast cancer, lung carcinoma
Frage 14
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Which of the following cancers affect predominantly men
Antworten
-
lung, prostate, colorectal carcinoma
-
melanoma, pancreas, lung
-
colon, prostate, melanoma
-
lung, pancreas, brain
Frage 15
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Which tumors in women confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Antworten
-
breast
-
ovary
-
corpus uteri
-
lung
Frage 16
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Areas with the highest oncological morbidity at present are
Antworten
-
Americas
-
Europe
-
Africa
-
Europe and Americas
Frage 17
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Which tumors in males confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Antworten
-
testicular carcinoma
-
lung cancer
-
prostate cancer
-
colon cancer
Frage 18
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The most common Malignant tumor in Women is
Antworten
-
Mammary Carcinoma
-
Cervical Carcinoma
-
Skin carcinoma
-
Ovarian Carcinoma
Frage 19
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What is the most accurate definition of carcinogenesis?
Antworten
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The occurrence of mutations in more than one locus leading to the appearance of a transformed cell
-
Multistage and prolonged process leading to transformed cells with subsequent clonal selection and expansion
-
Multistage process of transformation and development of neoplastic clone
-
There is no correct answer
Frage 20
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Tumorigenesis occurs in three stages
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Proliferation, promotion, metastasis
-
Initiation, promotion, proliferation
-
Proliferation, promotion, progression
-
All answers are correct
Frage 21
Antworten
-
the ability of cancer cells to metastasize via the blood and to form new vessels
-
uncontrolled growth of tissue that can deliver distant metastasize via the blood and the lymphatics
-
uncontrolled development of tissue with the ability to grow and metastasize by forming new vessels
-
there is no correct answer
Frage 22
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Key features of the tumor cell are
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ability to proliferate, metastasize, form new vessels and the possibility of apoptosis, invasion
-
loss of apoptosis, endless division, invasion and metastasis
-
generates signals for growth and development, ability to form new vessels and metastasize via the blood
-
all answers are correct
Frage 23
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What is the definition of benign tumors?
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varying degrees of cellular and structural differentiation, do not metastasize
-
highly differentiated tumors whose cells resemble those from which they originated
-
a high degree of cell differentiation, the presence of functional activity and metastatic ability
-
answers a+c
Frage 24
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Which statement about malignant tumors is wrong?
Antworten
-
varying degrees of cell differentiation and structural organization
-
cells are organized in monolayers with signs of anaplasia
-
have an infiltrative growth
-
there is no correct answer
Frage 25
Antworten
-
a newly emerging tumor
-
the reappearance of a tumor following its surgical removal
-
the appearance of a tumor at the same site as the one removed
-
the appearance of regional lymph nodes
Frage 26
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Malignant tumors have infiltrative growth, cellular atypism, are encapsulated capsule and have the ability to give regional and distant metastases.
This statement is
Antworten
-
true
-
untrue
-
incomplete
-
ambiguous
Frage 27
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Mesenchymal tumors metastasize
Antworten
-
Via lymphatics
-
Via blood
-
Canalicularly
-
Intracavitary
Frage 28
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The tumors of __________ metastasize in Intravascular fashion
Frage 29
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Which of the following statements are characteristic of the cancer cell biology
Frage 30
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Indicate which factors are associated with tumor progression
Frage 31
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Paraneoplastic syndrome is due to
Frage 32
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Which tumors are hormone-dependent in their development
Antworten
-
breast carcinoma
-
colon carcinoma
-
endometrial carcinoma
-
all listed
Frage 33
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Genetic changes leading to carcinogenesis are
Frage 34
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Characteristics of neoplastic cells are
Frage 35
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The most common primary brain tumors are
Antworten
-
anaplastic astrocytomas
-
glioblastomas
-
oligodendrogliomas
-
there is no true answer
Frage 36
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The mean survival rate for malignant CNS tumors is
Antworten
-
5-10 months
-
15-18 months
-
2 years
-
One year
Frage 37
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A radical method for the treatment of solitary («3 cm) CNS tumors is
Frage 38
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Radiation is an important part of the complex treatment.
The total dose of craniotherapy is
Antworten
-
40 Gy
-
60 Gy
-
80 Gy
-
There is no true answer
Frage 39
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Chemotherapy incorporates
Antworten
-
Cisplatin
-
Gemcitabine
-
Temozolamide
-
There is no true answer
Frage 40
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Medulloblastoma is predominantly located in the rear cranial well and occurs most commonly in
Frage 41
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The main methods of diagnosis and follow-up of treatment effect in CNS tumors are
Antworten
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CT and MRI
-
MRI and PET scan
-
CT and PET scan
-
All answers are correct
Frage 42
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Symptomatic therapy in CNS tumors includes
Antworten
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dexamethasone, tranquilizers, diuretics
-
anxiolytics, diuretics
-
anticonvulsants, diuretics, dexamethasone
-
all answers are correct
Frage 43
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Brain metastases are yielded most commonly by
Antworten
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Prostate and lung carcinoma
-
Thyroid and gastric carcinoma
-
Carcinoma of the mammary gland and lung carcinoma
-
Kidney and GIT carcinoma
Frage 44
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Which treatment method will be preferred for solitary brain metastasis
Frage 45
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Temozolamide used to treat brain tumors belongs to which group of cytostatics based on its mechanism of action
Frage 46
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Methods for the treatment of multiple brain metastases are
Antworten
-
surgery
-
radiotherapy
-
chemotherapy
-
b+c
Frage 47
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List the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure
[blank_start]Altered[blank_end] behaviour
[blank_start]Blurred vision[blank_end]
Feeling less alert than usual
[blank_start]Headache[blank_end]
Lack of energy or sleepiness
[blank_start]Vomiting[blank_end]
Weakness or problems with moving or talking
Antworten
-
Altered
-
Blurred vision
-
Headache
-
Vomiting
Frage 48
Frage
Risk factors for head and neck tumors are
Antworten
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chronic etilism, 3rd and 4th decade of life, male Sex, tobacco chewing
-
smoking, systemic use of alcohol and mutation in p53 gene
-
female sex, smoking, alcohol abuse
-
all answers are correct
Frage 49
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The most common head and neck tumors metastasize
Frage 50
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Head and neck tumors occur with the highest frequency at which anatomic sites
Antworten
-
The oral cavity
-
Oropharynx
-
Larynx
-
Sinus
Frage 51
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The characteristic clinical picture includes
Antworten
-
pain, fever, soore, difficulty swallowing
-
ulcer. dysphagia, otalgia
-
dysphagia, dyspnoea, swelling in the neck, soor
-
all answers are correct
Frage 52
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The most common histology of head and neck tumors is
Antworten
-
adenocarcinomas
-
epidermoid carcinomas
-
squamous cell carcinomas
-
there is no true answer
Frage 53
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A leading treatment approach for head and neck tumors is
Antworten
-
radiotherapy
-
chemotherapy
-
chemoradiotherapy
-
all answers are correct
Frage 54
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The most common early radiation reactions are
Frage 55
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Late radiation complications are
Frage 56
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The gold standard for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is
Antworten
-
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
-
operative intervention and subsequent radiotherapy
-
combined chemoradiotherapy
-
all the options listed
Frage 57
Frage
Targeted therapy for head and neck tumors is performed with
Antworten
-
Bevacizumab
-
Cetuximab
-
Panitumumab
-
Nivolumab
Frage 58
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HPV is related to the etiology of
Antworten
-
cervical carcinoma
-
anogenital carcinoma
-
head and neck carcinoma
-
all listed
Frage 59
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Head and neck tumors include neoplasia originating from anatomical locations
Antworten
-
salivary glands, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal sinus
-
larynx, pharynx, oral and nasal cavities, parotid gland
-
parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
-
parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal sinus
Frage 60
Frage
Tumors of head and neck are characterized by
Antworten
-
increased frequency in Central Asia
-
mainly affect female subjects
-
most common in the western world
-
a+b
Frage 61
Frage
Complete the term against the relevant definition of premalignant lesions that are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma:
[blank_start]Leucoplakia[blank_end] - hyperkeratosis + underlying epithelial hyperplasia
[blank_start]Erythroplakia[blank_end] - superficial erythema spots near to normal mucosa due to epithelial dysplasia
Antworten
-
Leucoplakia
-
Erythroplakia
Frage 62
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The therapeutic approach to advanced disease includes
Antworten
-
protocols with combined modality (radiochemotherapy)
-
radical surgery
-
administration of platinum-based chemotherapy protocol
-
the combined use of surgery radiotherapy
Frage 63
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The four major histological types of lung carcinoma are
Antworten
-
large cell, squamous, papillary, small cell
-
small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell
-
spinocellular, acinar, small cell, large cell
-
there is no correct answer
Frage 64
Frage
Which histological type has the worst prognosis?
Antworten
-
spinocellular
-
acinar adenocarcinoma
-
small cell
-
there is no true answer
Frage 65
Frage
What are the principal biomarkers for NSCLC?
Antworten
-
EGFR, HER-2
-
K-RAS, HER-2
-
ALK, PDL-1
-
EGFR, ALK, PDL-1
Frage 66
Frage
The standard for ChTh in radically operated patients with NSCLC is
Antworten
-
APCT containing taxane
-
APCT containing cisplatin
-
APCT containing vinorelbine
-
APCT containing anthracyclines
Frage 67
Frage
Target therapies for NSCLC include
Antworten
-
Bevacizumab, Panitumumab, Nivolumab
-
Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Crizotinid
-
Pertuzumab, Cetuximab, Pembrolizumab
-
There is no true answer
Frage 68
Frage
Malignant Mesothelioma is characterized by (one wrong answer)
Antworten
-
The main method of treatment is chemotherapy
-
Origin from the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, testicular envelopes.
-
A causal relationship with exposure to asbestos
-
There are a large percentage of patients with five years of survival
Frage 69
Frage
Which of the following statements about lung carcinoma is NOT correct
Antworten
-
more prominent for developed countries
-
the main cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women
-
there are 2 major histological types - small cell and non-small cell
-
has a high-sensitivity tumor marker for diagnosis
Frage 70
Frage
Which of the following statements for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) compared to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is true
Antworten
-
SCLC is more radiosensitive
-
SCLC is less chemosensitive
-
SCLC is more likely to have a peripheral localization in the lung
-
Tendency towards early and rapid metastasis
Frage 71
Frage
73 years old man has an increasing pain in the lumbar segment of the spine, more pronounced at bedtime. From the history - a long-standing hypertonic; sometimes smokes 1-2 cigarettes a week. Physical status is normal. Laboratory studies have found elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. From radiograph of the lumbar segment - a lytic bone lesion of the third lumbar vertebra.
Which of the following cancers is the most likely diagnosis:
Frage 72
Frage
Immunotherapy in lung carcinoma is performed with
Antworten
-
BCG vaccine
-
Immunomodulators
-
Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab
-
There is no true answer
Frage 73
Frage
Pulmonary carcinoma metastasizes most often in
Frage 74
Frage
The recommended behavior of a General Practitioner in a patient with a blood clot is
Frage 75
Frage
What is the significance of EGFR expression Studies, KRAS mutation and ALK in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Antworten
-
They are prognostic markers for survival
-
Reference markers for surgery
-
EGFR-TKI response markers
-
Possibility for personalized treatment
Frage 76
Frage
Which factors are not carcinogens for lung cancer
Antworten
-
Smoking
-
Radiation
-
A diet rich in fat
-
Avitaminoses
Frage 77
Frage
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is
Antworten
-
Symptom of Peak Lung Cancer Symptom
-
Complication of radiotherapy
-
Paraneoplastic syndrome in lung carcinoma
-
Paraneoplastic syndrome in ovarian cancer
Frage 78
Frage
Contemporary molecular genetic tests on lung cancer biopsy specimen include
Antworten
-
EGFR mutation
-
PDF
-
ALK
-
All answers are correct
Frage 79
Frage
Peripheral lung lesions suspect for carcinoma are indicated for further diagnostic testing with
Frage 80
Frage
For pleural effusion suspicious of lung carcinoma indicated is
Antworten
-
X-ray and consultation with a pulmonologist
-
VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopy) with a biopsy
-
Magnetic resonance tomography
-
Positron emission tomography
Frage 81
Frage
Palliative therapy in lung cancer is
Antworten
-
associated with a high risk of fatal toxicity
-
associated with increased life expectancy at reduced quality of life
-
followed by a 1 year life expectancy at improved quality of life
-
does not change life expectancy
Frage 82
Frage
Which statement is true for Luminous type A?
Antworten
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, low Ki 67
-
ER PR- positive, HER2-positive, low Ki 67
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
-
There is no correct answer
Frage 83
Frage
Which statement is wrong for Luminous Type B?
Antworten
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- overexpression, regardless of Ki 67
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- positive, low Ki 67
-
No wrong answer
Frage 84
Frage
In non-luminous type we observe?
Antworten
-
ER, PR- negative, HER2- overexpression
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2-positive, Ki 67 low
-
ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative
-
There is no correct answer
Frage 85
Frage
Genetic mutations in breast carcinoma are
Antworten
-
BRCA 1, BRCA 2
-
BRCA1, BRCA2, p53
-
ALK, PDL 1
-
All listed
Frage 86
Frage
Standard treatment for luminal type A breast carcinoma includes
Frage 87
Frage
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2 negative breast carcinoma includes
Frage 88
Frage
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2-positive breast carcinoma includes
Antworten
-
chemotherapy, anti-HER 2 therapy
-
chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER 2 therapy
-
hormone therapy, chemotherapy
-
there is no true answer
Frage 89
Frage
Treatment in triple negative breast carcinoma includes
Antworten
-
chemotherapy
-
hormone therapy
-
chemotherapy + hormone therapy
-
chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER2
Frage 90
Frage
Specify the standard treatment algorithm for breast cancer T2N1M0 without hormonal expression
Antworten
-
PCT, surgery, radiotherapy
-
Surgery, PCT, radiotherapy
-
Radiotherapy, surgery, PCT
-
The three answers are correct
Frage 91
Frage
Specify the main tumor marker for diagnosis of breast cancer
Frage 92
Frage
The biological characteristic of the "triple-negative" breast cancer requires (choose one wrong answer)?
Frage 93
Frage
Indicate which target drugs are used in HER positive breast cancer
Antworten
-
Avastin, Panitumumab, Cetuximab
-
Herceptin, Lapatinib, Perjeta
-
Tarceva, Iressa, Avastin
-
Herceptin, Nivolumab, Crisotinib
Frage 94
Frage
A method of early detection (screening) of breast cancer is
Frage 95
Frage
The default markers for breast cancer are
Antworten
-
The total CEA and CA 15-3
-
HER, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki 67
-
Total CEA and CA 125
-
Serum alkaline phosphatase and LDH
Frage 96
Frage
In which % of cases the breast cancer has a genetic predisposition
Frage 97
Frage
Triple-negative breast cancer belong to which of the listed histological groups?
Antworten
-
Luminal A
-
Luminal B
-
Basal-like
-
"Normal" -like
Frage 98
Frage
A recommended age group to start screening for early detection of breast carcinoma is
Antworten
-
women over 60 years of age
-
women over 50 years of age
-
women aged 50-69
-
family-related women, regardless of age
Frage 99
Frage
All of these factors are associated with a decreased risk of developing breast cancer except for
Antworten
-
Negative history of breastfeeding
-
First pregnancy before 18 years of age
-
Men after 15 years of age
-
Natural menopause before 42 years of age
Frage 100
Frage
Which of the following features is associated with an unfavorable prognosis for breast carcinoma