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Basic Principles of Clinical Pharmacology- 5th Year PMU

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Basic Principles of Clinical Pharmacology- 5th Year PMU
Med Student
Quiz by Med Student , updated more than 1 year ago
Med Student
Created by Med Student about 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Placebo is
Answer
  • allergic drug reaction
  • drug form, without active substance
  • method for treatment of acute pain
  • drug tolerance

Question 2

Question
Tobacco smoking
Answer
  • increases drugs metabolism
  • decreases drug metabolism
  • decreases plasma concentrations of methylxanthines
  • doesn’ t change drugs metabolism

Question 3

Question
Nocebo effect is
Answer
  • Allergic drug reaction
  • Analgesic method
  • Adverse drug reaction, caused by placebo
  • CNS depression

Question 4

Question
When patient and doctor are aware of the contents of the formulation, the trial is defined as
Answer
  • open trial
  • blind trial
  • placebo trial
  • double-blind trial

Question 5

Question
Surrogates in rational pharmacotherapy are
Answer
  • clinical- laboratory indexes
  • instrumental investigations - ECG; EMG; MRT etc
  • disease improvement
  • decreased mortality rate

Question 6

Question
Pharmacodynamic changes in elderly are
Answer
  • increased sensitivity to drugs suppressing central nervous system
  • decreased sensitivity to drugs suppressing central nervous system
  • paradoxal reactions are observed
  • adverse drug reactions are more frequent

Question 7

Question
Steady-state plasma concentration is
Answer
  • blood concentration of the drug 2 hours after administration
  • blood concentration of the drug after repeated administration when there is a balance between absorption and excretion
  • blood concentration of the drug after it has been ceased
  • blood concentration of the drug during its absorption

Question 8

Question
Drugs half-life is an index for
Answer
  • the route of administration of the drug
  • the duration of the drug effect when there is a relationship between it and plasma concentrations
  • time to reach steady-state plasma concentration after repeated administration
  • determination of dose interval

Question 9

Question
Drugs contraindicated in the first half of pregnancy are
Answer
  • Erythromycin
  • Sex steroids
  • Penicillins
  • Oral anticoagulants

Question 10

Question
For pharmacokinetics in elderly is true
Answer
  • decreased excretion
  • decreased metabolism
  • decreased volume of distribution
  • increased volume of distribution

Question 11

Question
Reasons for inadequate pharmaceutical availability are
Answer
  • chronic renal failure
  • improper use of the drug formulation
  • bad quality of the drug substance
  • participating in treatment

Question 12

Question
Categories of ADRs are
Answer
  • certain
  • probable
  • possible
  • unlikely

Question 13

Question
Therapeutic drug monitoring is
Answer
  • method for neuroleptanalgesy
  • used when there is relationship between plasma concentrations and drug effect
  • used for drugs with narrow therapeutic window
  • used for drugs with long half- live

Question 14

Question
Irrational ready-made drug formulations contain
Answer
  • drugs with different half-life
  • drugs for ethiotropic and symptomatic treatment
  • drugs with narrow therapeutic window
  • drugs affecting different pathogenic mechanisms

Question 15

Question
First phase of clinical trial can be determinated as
Answer
  • first application of a new substance to healthy volunteers
  • first application of a new substance to patients
  • efficacy and safety in a large number of patients
  • post-marketing surveillance in thousands of patients

Question 16

Question
Binding of drugs with plasma proteins is important for
Answer
  • half- life
  • drugs interactions
  • bioavailabillity
  • the value of the pharmacological effect

Question 17

Question
Adverse drug reactions lead to
Answer
  • increased pharmacological effect
  • decreased risk of toxicity
  • decreased efficacy of the treatment
  • developement of unpredictable drug effects

Question 18

Question
Bad compliance of the patient may be due to
Answer
  • dose regimen with many drugs with frequent administration
  • a large number of drugs
  • lack of information for the treatment
  • the drug must be taken once daily

Question 19

Question
Fourth phase of clinical trial can be determinated as
Answer
  • first application of a new substance to healthy volunteers
  • first application of a new substance to patients
  • efficacy and safety in a large number of patients
  • post-marketing surveillance in thousands of patients

Question 20

Question
Drugs clearance is
Answer
  • Amount of drug, that reaches systemic circulation
  • Blood plasma volume from which the drug is eliminated for defined period of time
  • Steady- state plasma concentration
  • Withdrawal syndrome

Question 21

Question
Monitoring of therapeutic plasma concentrations is necessary for
Answer
  • theophyllin
  • phenobarbital
  • carbamazepin
  • amoxicillin

Question 22

Question
Third phase of clinical trial can be determinated as
Answer
  • first application of a new substance to healthy volunteers
  • first application of a new substance to patients
  • efficacy and safety in a large number of patients
  • post-marketing surveillance in thousands of patients

Question 23

Question
Clearance is an index for
Answer
  • drugs excretion
  • determination of mantaining dose of the drugs
  • drugs absorbtion
  • effects of the drugs on the heart

Question 24

Question
Pharmacogenetic differences lead to
Answer
  • decreased effect
  • increased effect
  • development of adverse drug reactions
  • avitaminosis

Question 25

Question
Drug surveillance is done by
Answer
  • spontaneous reporting
  • observation studies
  • family doctors
  • population statistics

Question 26

Question
Adverse drug reactions are the following types
Answer
  • augmented
  • bizarre
  • chronic
  • delayed

Question 27

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Mechanisms of drug interactions are
Answer
  • unpredictable
  • pharmacokinetic
  • pharmacodynamic
  • pharmaceutical

Question 28

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The quality of therapeutic decision (outcomes) can be measured by
Answer
  • clinical outcomes
  • costs — direct and indirect
  • functional status pf patient
  • overall patient satisfaction

Question 29

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Method of evaluation of cost/benefits ration are
Answer
  • cost minimization analysis
  • cost effectiveness analysis
  • cost utility analysis
  • cost consequence analysis

Question 30

Question
Drug metabolism involving some enzyme defects includes the following reactions
Answer
  • acetylation
  • oxidation
  • hydrolysis
  • red cells enzyme defects

Question 31

Question
The reasons for drug abuse are
Answer
  • relief of anxiety, tension and depression
  • entertainment, fun
  • improvement of performance in competitive sports
  • conformity with own social subgroup

Question 32

Question
How many types of dependence do you know?
Answer
  • psychological
  • physical (physiological)
  • acute
  • chronic

Question 33

Question
Which pharmacological drug groups cause drug dependence and tolerance?
Answer
  • Opioid analgesics
  • Antidepressants
  • CNS stimulants
  • Benzodiazepines

Question 34

Question
The neuropharmacological mechanisms of drug addiction are
Answer
  • activation of endogenous opiate encephalin receptors
  • activation of μ-opioid receptors in the brain
  • activation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1) in the hypothalamus
  • increase of glutamate release in the brain cortex

Question 35

Question
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome is characterized by
Answer
  • it develops after 6-weeks of treatment
  • it develops after 2 weeks of treatment
  • psychological symptoms — anxiety, agitation, insomnia, seizures
  • physical symptoms — nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, ataxia

Question 36

Question
Opioid (heroin, morphine) withdrawal syndrome is characterized by
Answer
  • begins 8 hours after last dose
  • the peak is between 36-72 h
  • first physical symptoms are lacrimation, rhinorrhea and sweating
  • abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, bone and muscle pain, weakness and chills

Question 37

Question
Why is methadone used for treatment of opioid-dependence?
Answer
  • it is taken orally
  • it is applied intravenously
  • has prolonged action
  • has short-action
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