Frage 1
Frage
The following questions will be about the thoracic cage. First, drag and drop the correct labels to describe the bones of the thoracic cage.
Frage 2
Frage
On the lateral edges of the manubrium, there is a facet for articulation with...
Antworten
-
The first rib
-
The second rib
-
The clavicle
-
The body of the sternum
Frage 3
Frage
What occurs on the manubrium which will articulate with the second rib?
Antworten
-
Facet
-
Demi-facet
-
Tubercle
-
Spine
Frage 4
Frage
The sternal angle marks the articulation of the manubrium with the body of the sternum. What else does it mark?
Antworten
-
The level of the second rib's costal cartilage
-
The level of the first rib's costal cartilage
-
The level of the clavicle
-
The level of the carina
Frage 5
Frage
Which ribs articulate with the body of the sternum?
Antworten
-
Ribs 2-7
-
Ribs 1-2
-
Ribs 3-6
-
Ribs 1-12
Frage 6
Frage
At what level is the tip of the xiphisternum found?
Frage 7
Frage
The xiphisternum is a largely cartilaginous structure which ossifies completely around the age of 40.
Frage 8
Frage
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the sternum.
Frage 9
Frage
What is meant by a 'true rib'?
Antworten
-
A rib that attaches to the sternum directly via a synovial joint
-
A rib that attaches to the costal cartilage of another rib by a synovial joint and thus does not articulate with the sternum directly
-
A rib with a complete lack of anterior attachment
-
A rib that attaches to the costal cartilage of another rib by a secondary cartilaginous joint and thus does not articulate with the sternum directly
Frage 10
Frage
What is meant by a 'false' rib?
Antworten
-
A rib that attaches to the costal cartilage of another rib via a synovial joint with its costal cartilage and thus does not articulate with the sternum directly
-
A rib that attaches directly to the sternum via a synovial joint
-
A rib that attaches to the costal cartilage of another rib via a secondary cartilaginous joint with its costal cartilage and thus does not articulate with the sternum directly
-
A rib that has a complete lack of anterior attachment
Frage 11
Antworten
-
Lack any anterior attachment
-
Lack any posterior attachment
-
Only attach to the superior ribs
-
Form synovial joints directly with the sternum
Frage 12
Frage
Which ribs are the true ribs?
Frage 13
Frage
Which ribs are the false ribs?
Antworten
-
8-12
-
10-12
-
11 and 12
-
7-12
Frage 14
Frage
Which ribs are the floating ribs?
Antworten
-
1 and 2
-
11 and 12
-
8-12
-
1-7
Frage 15
Frage
The typical rib consists of a head, neck and body/shaft. Where does the tubercle of the typical rib occur?
Antworten
-
Where the neck meets the body
-
Where the neck meets the head
-
Where the body meets the head
-
At the end of the head
Frage 16
Frage
How many articular facets does the typical rib have on its head?
Frage 17
Frage
Which is true of the articular facets on the heads of the typical ribs?
Antworten
-
One articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebra and the other articulates with the vertebra above
-
One articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebra and the other articulates with the vertebra below
-
One articular facet articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebra
-
One articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebra and the other articulates with the transverse process of the same vertebra
Frage 18
Frage
What does the tubercle of the typical rib articulate with?
Antworten
-
The transverse process of the corresponding vertebra
-
The superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebra
-
The inferior costal facet of the corresponding vertebra
-
The spinous process of the corresponding vertebra
Frage 19
Frage
What occurs on the internal surface of the typical rib to house the intercostal vein, artery and nerve?
Antworten
-
Costal groove
-
Costal notch
-
Costal sulcus
-
Intercostal groove
Frage 20
Frage
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this typical rib.
Antworten
-
Superior articular facet
-
Inferior articular facet
-
Head
-
Neck
-
Tubercle
-
Facet
-
Angle
-
Costal groove
Frage 21
Frage
Which ribs are described as 'atypical' as they have features that are not common to all the ribs?
Frage 22
Frage
How many facets occur on the head of the atypical rib 1?
Frage 23
Frage
There are two grooves on the superior surface of the 1st rib. Why?
Antworten
-
Houses the subclavian vessels
-
Houses the intercostal nerve, artery and vein
-
Attaches the middle scalene muscle
-
Attaches the anterior scalene muscle
Frage 24
Frage
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the anatomy of the atypical first rib and its muscular attachments.
Frage 25
Frage
How many articular facets does the atypical rib 2 have on its head?
Frage 26
Frage
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the anatomy of the second rib and its muscular attachments.
Antworten
-
Head
-
Neck
-
Tubercle
-
Angle
-
Posterior scalene muscle
-
Serratus anterior
Frage 27
Frage
Why is the 10th rib described as atypical?
Antworten
-
The 10th rib only has one facet on its head
-
The 10th rib has no tubercle
-
The 10th rib has no subcostal groove
-
The 10th rib has three facets on its head
Frage 28
Frage
The 11th and 12th ribs have no neck.
Frage 29
Frage
How many articular facets occur on the heads of the 11th and 12th ribs?
Frage 30
Frage
Which ribs operate via a 'pump-handle' motion during ventilation?
Frage 31
Frage
Which ribs operate via a 'bucket-handle' motion during ventilation?
Frage 32
Frage
Drag and drop the correct answers to show how the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae.
Antworten
-
Superior articular facets
-
Costal demifacet for 10th rib
-
Articular facet of 6th rib's tubercle
-
Transverse processes
-
Spinous process
-
Axis of rib rotation
-
Tubercle of rib
-
Vertebral body
-
Head of rib
-
Intervertebral disc
Frage 33
Frage
Which thoracic vertebra's superior facet will not be a demifacet?
Frage 34
Frage
Which vertebrae has a single pair of whole facets across the vertebral body and pedicle?
Frage 35
Frage
Which vertebra has a single pair of entire costal facets located on the pedicles?
Frage 36
Frage
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the ligaments of the ribs.
Frage 37
Frage
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the ligaments of the rib shown in this transverse section.
Frage 38
Frage
The following questions will be about the muscles of the chest wall and thorax. First, drag and drop the correct labels to describe the layers of the chest wall.
Antworten
-
Lung
-
Pleural cavity
-
Visceral pleura
-
Parietal pleura
-
Serratus anterior
-
External intercostal muscle
-
Internal intercostal muscle
-
Innermost intercostal muscle
-
Skin
-
Superficial fascia
-
Intercostal vein
-
Intercostal artery
-
Intercostal nerve
-
Collateral branches
-
Endothoracic fascia
Frage 39
Frage
The following questions will be on the diaphragm. Which of the following are the peripheral attachments of the diaphragm?
Antworten
-
Costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
-
Direct articulation with ribs 11 and 12
-
Xiphisternum
-
Lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments
-
Direct articulate with ribs 7-10
-
Body of the sternum
-
Thoracic vertebrae
Frage 40
Frage
The right and left crura of the diaphragm are tendinous in structure. Where does the right crus of the diaphragm arise from?
Antworten
-
L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs
-
L1 and L2 and their intervertebral discs
-
Transverse processes of L1
-
Xiphisternum
Frage 41
Frage
The right and left crura of the diaphragm are tendinous in structure. Where does the right crus of the diaphragm arise from?
Frage 42
Frage
The fibres of which crus of the diaphragm surround the oesophageal opening to form a physiological sphincter?
Frage 43
Frage
What do the fibres of the diaphragm combine to form, which ascends to fuse with the interior surface of the fibrous pericardium?
Frage 44
Frage
Why does the right dome of the diaphragm sit higher than the left?
Frage 45
Frage
The caval hiatus (T8) acts as a conduit for...
Antworten
-
Inferior vena cava
-
Terminal branches of right phrenic nerve
-
Oesophagus
-
Right and left vagus nerve
-
Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein
-
Aorta
-
Thoracic duct
-
Azygous vein
Frage 46
Frage
The oesophageal hiatus (T10) in the diaphragm acts as a conduit for...
Antworten
-
Oesophagus
-
Right and left vagus nerves
-
Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein
-
Inferior vena cava
-
Terminal branches of right phrenic nerve
-
Aorta
-
Thoracic duct
-
Azygous vein
Frage 47
Frage
The aortic hiatus (T12) acts as a conduit for...
Antworten
-
Aorta
-
Thoracic duct
-
Azygous vein
-
Oesophagus
-
Right and left vagus nerves
-
Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein
-
Inferior vena cava
-
Terminal branches of right phrenic nerve
Frage 48
Frage
The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration.
Frage 49
Frage
When does the diaphragm contract and flatten?
Frage 50
Frage
The left and right hemidiaphragms receive innervation from left and right phrenic nerves respectively.
Frage 51
Frage
What spinal roots supply the phrenic nerves?
Antworten
-
C3, C4, C5
-
C1 and C2
-
C6 and C7
-
C2, C3, C4
Frage 52
Frage
The majority of the arterial supply to the diaphragm is achieved by the inferior phrenic arteries. Where do these arise from?
Antworten
-
Abdominal aorta
-
Thoracic aorta
-
Renal arteries
-
Coeliac trunk
Frage 53
Frage
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the diaphragm from a posterior view.
Antworten
-
Central tendon
-
Vena caval opening
-
Medial arcuate ligament
-
Lateral arcuate ligament
-
Right crus
-
Left crus
-
Aortic opening
-
Oesophageal opening
-
Costal fibres
-
Sternal fibres
Frage 54
Frage
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the diaphram and surrounding neurovasculature.
Antworten
-
Left phrenic nerve
-
Left pericardiacophrenic artery
-
Right phrenic nerve
-
Right pericardiacophrenic artery
-
Right vagus nerve
-
Oesophagus
-
Inferior vena cava
-
Central tendon
-
Phrenic nerves
-
Inferior phrenic arteries
-
Left vagus nerve
-
Internal thoracic arteries
-
Oesophageal hiatus
-
Aortic hiatus
-
Superior epigastric artery
-
Musculophrenic artery
-
Right crus
-
Abdominal aorta
Frage 55
Frage
The following questions will be on the muscles of the thoracic wall. How many external intercostal muscle pairs do we have?
Frage 56
Frage
The external intercostal muscles are continuous with the external oblique of the abdomen
Frage 57
Frage
What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?
Frage 58
Frage
In what orientation do the fibres of the external intercostals run from the superior rib to the rib below?
Antworten
-
Inferoanteriorly
-
Inferoposteriorly
Frage 59
Frage
What are the internal intercostal muscles continuous with?
Antworten
-
External oblique
-
Internal oblique
-
Transversus abdominis
Frage 60
Frage
In what orientation do the fibres of the internal intercostal muscles run from the superior rib to the rib below?
Antworten
-
Inferoposteriorly
-
Inferioanteriorly
Frage 61
Frage
The interosseus part of the internal intercostals elevates the ribcage whilst the interchrondral part depresses the ribcage.
Frage 62
Frage
What separates the innermost intercostal muscles from the internal intercostal muscles?
Antworten
-
The intercostal neurovascular bundle
-
The external intercostal muscles
-
The serratus anterior muscle
-
The musculophrenic arteries
Frage 63
Frage
What does the interosseus part of the innermost intercostals do?
Antworten
-
Depresses the ribcage
-
Elevates the ribcage
Frage 64
Frage
What does the interchondral part of the innermost intercostal muscles do?
Antworten
-
Elevates the ribcage
-
Depresses the ribcage
Frage 65
Frage
What is the function of the transversus thoracis?
Frage 66
Frage
The transversus thoracis are continuous with the transversus abdominis.
Frage 67
Frage
The transversus thoracis arise from...
Antworten
-
Posterior surface of inferior sternum
-
Anterior surface of inferior sternam
-
Internal surfaces of costal cartilages 2-6
-
External surfaces of costal cartilages 2-6
Frage 68
Frage
The transversus thoracis inserts at...
Antworten
-
The internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6
-
The external surface of costal cartilages 2-6
-
The posterior surface of the inferior sternum
-
The anterior surface of the inferior sternum
Frage 69
Frage
Which muscles run from the internal surface of one rib to the second and third ribs below?
Antworten
-
Subcostals
-
Transversus thoracis
-
Internal intercostals
-
Innermost intercostals
Frage 70
Frage
The subcostal muscles share the direction of fibres of the innermost intercostal muscles and the action of the intercostal muscles.