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The storage, retention and recall of events, information and procedures. [blank_start]Memory[blank_end]
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Memory varies in quality based on the nature of the information retained and recalled, level of interest and significance to the individual.
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Distinctive/unusual information is easier to retain is the [blank_start]Von Restorff[blank_end] Effect.
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Types of Memory.
1. [blank_start]Procedural[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Declarative[blank_end]
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Types of long-term declarative memory.
1. [blank_start]Semantic[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Episodic[blank_end]
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Under proper conditions, children as young as three can make accurate reports of events.
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A delay between the event and the questioning will not affect the accuracy of a child's answer.
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The image shows the accurate Information-Processing View of Memory
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The Information-Processing View of Memory includes the sensory memory storage, short-term memory or working memory & the long term memory.
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Long-term memory...
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It begins to come back (the thalamus is a relay and integration station for sensory information going to the cerebral cortex)
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It’s a system for processing current information.
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You got a hint - an effective retrieval cue.
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These cues are generated internally or suggested by others.
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It has three major components.
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Working memory is a new conceptualization of the intermediate stage between first encounter with new information and eventual storage.
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Memory is a complex combination of many processes, and its properties depend on the following factors:
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The type of material memorized
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The individual’s experience with similar materials
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The length of time since the material was previously encountered
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All of the above
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Better memory for items at beginning of lists. [blank_start]Primacy effect[blank_end]
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Better memory for the items at the end of lists. [blank_start]Recency effect[blank_end]
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Repeating the material you are memorize.
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Superficial Processing
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Deeper Processing
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Still Deeper Processing
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Think about each item or each part of the material.
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Superficial Processing
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Deeper Processing
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Still Deeper Processing
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Note associations between the items or parts of the material.
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Superficial Processing
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Deeper Processing
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Still Deeper Processing
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The more emotional arousing an event is, the greater the likelihood that it will be remembered.
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Any memory aid that encodes items in a special way. [blank_start]Mnemonic devices[blank_end]
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This happens when remembering an event, you start with details you remember clearly, and fill in gaps. [blank_start]Reconstruction[blank_end]
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Three understandable reasons for forgetting:
1. [blank_start]Interference[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Decay[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Source Amnesia[blank_end]
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Interference
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Decay
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Source Amnesia
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Difficulty learning new information. [blank_start]Anterograde amnesia[blank_end]
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Difficulty retrieving old memories. [blank_start]Retrograde Amnesia[blank_end]