Malaria Mind Map

Malaria Mind Map

1. LIFE CYCLE

   • Protozan parasites: Plasmodium

2. CLINICAL

   • uncomplicated malaria
     • severe flu-like illness
       • fever
         • malaria fevers are cyclical; synchronized with the bursting of merozoites into bloodstream
       • chills + sweating
       • head + body aches
       • nausea + vomiting + diarrhead
   • severe malaria
     • impaired consciousness/cerebral malaria
       • fits, prostration, coma
     • severe anaemia
     • respiratory distress
     • multi organ failure
       • renal failure
       • pulmonary oedema
     • death: 10-50% of cases

3. PATHOLOGY

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY

   • Hypoendemic
     • little transmission; sporatic, self-limiting outbreaks
     • little public health importance
     • poor development of immunity!
     • disease affects all ages equally
     • EX: China, Mexico
   • Mesoendemic
     • present in most areas; variable transmission intensity
     • generally of ph importance
     • development of immunity
     • disease doesn't effect older generations
     • EX: India, most of SE Asia
   • Hyperendemic
     • intense, widespread (but still seasonal transmission)
     • often a ph problem
     • development of good immunity
     • disease mainly of children
     • EX: African Saehl
   • Holoendemic
     • intense, widespread, seasonal variation is slight
     • can be #1 ph problem
     • good immunity
     • disease mainly <5s
     • EX: Humid, lowland tropical African

5. CONTROL

   • Prevention
     • VC!
       • IRS
       • LLINS/ITNs
         • ITNs provided 17% protective efficacy against mortality
         • about 5.5 lives saved per 1,000 under nets
         • treated nets can cut incidence in half
   • Treatment
     • Drugs!
       • parenteral
         • Quinine, artesunate (better)
       • orals
         • artesunate, quinine, chloroquine...
         • ACT: not affordable in African without subsidy
   • Diagnostics
     • microscopy
       • most accurate
       • requires lab and trained staff
     • rapid diagnostic tests
       • point of care diagnostic!
       • doesn't require lab or electricity; minimum training
       • based on antigen capture
         • no intensity result: just +/-
       • 2 types: HRP-2 (persists after cure), LDH- negative 2 days after cure
     • PCR-based assays
     • serological tests

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