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The Respiratory System: Gross Anatomy

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Medicine Anatomy of Systems Quiz on The Respiratory System: Gross Anatomy, created by Charlotte Jakes on 26/01/2020.
Charlotte Jakes
Quiz by Charlotte Jakes, updated more than 1 year ago
Charlotte Jakes
Created by Charlotte Jakes over 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Label this image to show the oesteology of the thoracic cage.
Image:
Thoracic+Cage (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Jugular notch
  • Clavicular angle
  • Maunbrium
  • Sternal angle
  • Body
  • Xiphisternal angle
  • Xiphoid process
  • Sternum
  • Intercostal space
  • Costal margin
  • Costal cartilage
  • False ribs
  • True ribs

Question 2

Question
Why do the lungs appear black on an X-ray?
Image:
Lung+X+Ray (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Lung tissue doesn't absorb X-rays
  • Air doesn't absorb X-rays
  • The tissue of the lungs is too thick to be shown
  • The tissue of the lungs is too thin to be shown

Question 3

Question
What are the wispy lines shown in the lung field, emanating from the heart?
Image:
Lung+X+Ray (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Pulmonary blood vessels
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
  • Coronary blood vessels

Question 4

Question
Why does the heart appear bright white on x-ray?
Image:
Lung+X+Ray (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • It is full of blood which absorbs x-rays
  • It is full of air which absorbs x-rays
  • It is full of blood which does not absorb x-rays
  • Its walls are made of muscle tissue which absorbs x-rays

Question 5

Question
Why do we use posterior-anterior orientation in chest x-ray?
Answer
  • To prevent false enlargement of the heart
  • To prevent false shrinkage of the heart
  • To prevent false consolidation of the lungs
  • To get a better resolution

Question 6

Question
Why is the right hemidiaphragm slightly higher than the left?
Answer
  • Due to the presence of the liver
  • The right lung is smaller
  • Due to the presence of the stomach
  • Due to the suspensory ligament of Treitz

Question 7

Question
How do we visualise the tubular system of the lungs?
Answer
  • Patient inhales imaging gas
  • X-ray
  • MRI
  • CT

Question 8

Question
The heart appears longer and thinner on x-ray if taken during inspiration.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
What is the region of translucency in the bottom right corner of this x-ray?
Image:
Lung+X+Ray (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Gas Bubble in Stomach
  • Left hemidiaphragm
  • Liver
  • Heart

Question 10

Question
Which of the following are boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?
Answer
  • T1
  • Inside of first rib
  • Superior border of manubrium
  • Inside of second rib
  • T2
  • C7
  • Costal margin

Question 11

Question
The suprapleural membrane spreads over the superior thoracic aperture.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
WHere does the ligament that holds the suprapleural membrane up in a dome shape attach?
Answer
  • Transverse process of C7
  • Spinous process of C7
  • Transverse process of T1
  • Transverse process of C6

Question 13

Question
Which of the following are borders of the inferior thoracic aperture?
Answer
  • Costal margin
  • Tip of 11th rib
  • Inside of 11th rib
  • Inferior border of 12th rib
  • T12
  • T11
  • Inferior border of manubrium

Question 14

Question
Where does the diaphragm arch down and attach at?
Answer
  • L1 and L2
  • L1 only
  • L2 only
  • T12
  • L3

Question 15

Question
The aorta passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
Label this diagram of the superior thoracic aperture. The green coloured area represents the suprapleural membrane.
Image:
Superior+Thoracic+Aperture (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Manubrium
  • 2nd rib
  • 1st rib
  • Subclavian vessels
  • Suprapleural membrane
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Trachea
  • Common carotid artery
  • Oesophagus

Question 17

Question
Label these images to show the anatomy of the diaphragm.
Image:
Diaphragm (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Central tendon
  • Caval hiatus
  • Oesophageal hiatus
  • Aortic hiatus
  • Right hemidiaphragm
  • Left hemidiaphragm
  • Right crus
  • Left crus
  • Sternal attachment

Question 18

Question
The left hemidiaphragm is innervated by the left phrenic nerve and the right hemidiaphragm is innervated by the right phrenic nerve
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Where does the costodiaphragmatic recess occur?
Answer
  • 8th-11th intercostal spaces along the midaxillary line
  • 7th-11th intercostal spaces along the midaxillary line
  • 10th and 11th intercostal spaces along the midaxillary line
  • 7th-10th intercostal spaces along the midaxillary line

Question 20

Question
What does the costodiaphragmatic recess allow us to do?
Answer
  • Access the pleural cavity with less risk to lung tissue
  • Access the pleural cavity with no risk to lung tissue
  • Access the vena cava
  • Access the abdominal arota

Question 21

Question
What type of nerves are the phrenic nerves?
Answer
  • Somatic
  • Autonomic

Question 22

Question
Label this image of the diaphragm from below.
Image:
Diaphragm (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Xiphoid
  • Vena cava
  • Central tendon
  • Oesophagus
  • Aorta
  • Coeliac trunk
  • Left crus
  • Right crus
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Psoas major
  • Lateral arcuate ligament
  • Medial arcuate ligament

Question 23

Question
What is the function of the arcuate ligaments?
Answer
  • Separate the diaphragm from the posterior trunk muscles
  • Suspend the posterior trunk muscles
  • Separate the diaphragm from the abdominal organs
  • Join the diaphragm to the lumbar spine

Question 24

Question
The oesophageal hiatus occurs in the muscle of the diaphragm - what does this mean?
Answer
  • Reflux of stomach contents during breathing is prevented
  • Diaphragm as a true valve around the oesophagus
  • Prevents choking during breathing
  • Enables gastric emptying

Question 25

Question
The caval hiatus occurs in the [blank_start]central tendon[blank_end]. This means that during diaphragmatic [blank_start]contraction[blank_end] the walls of the [blank_start]vena cava[blank_end] are pulled apart. This reduces [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] in the vena cava which pulls venous blood up through the abdomen, thus aiding [blank_start]venous return[blank_end].
Answer
  • central tendon
  • contraction
  • vena cava
  • pressure
  • venous return

Question 26

Question
Where does parietal pleura become visceral pleura?
Answer
  • At the lung root
  • At the horizontal fissure
  • At the oblique fissure
  • At the diaphragm

Question 27

Question
What is the purpose of the pulmonary ligament?
Answer
  • Provides room for bronchi to move during expiration/inspiration
  • Prevents lungs from entering abdominal cavity
  • Prevents lungs from protruding into the neck
  • Provides route for bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatics and nerves to enter the lungs

Question 28

Question
What innervates the pleura?
Answer
  • The phrenic nerves
  • The cranial accessory nerve XI
  • Intercostal nerves from thoracic vertebrae
  • The vagus nerve

Question 29

Question
What innervates the diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura?
Answer
  • Phrenic nerves
  • Vagus nerve
  • Cranial accessory nerve XI
  • Intercostal nerves from thoracic vertebrae

Question 30

Question
Why does the normal lung at rest not collapse under its elastic recoil pressure?
Answer
  • Negative pressure in the pleural cavity
  • Positive pressure in the pleural cavity
  • Diaphragm contracts to hold lungs open
  • Bronchi hold lungs open

Question 31

Question
Label this diagram to show the pleural membranes.
Image:
Pleural+Membranes (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Suprapleural membrane
  • Cervical parietal pleura
  • Lung root
  • Pulmonary ligament
  • Costal parietal pleura
  • Mediastinal parietal pleura
  • Diaphragmatic parietal pleura
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