Question 1
Question
The following questions will be about the intervertebral discs. What are the intervertebral discs classed as?
Question 2
Question
What is significant about the intervertebral discs?
Answer
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They allow 'rocking' of the vertebrae on top of one another
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They do not allow rocking of the vertebrae so maintain vertebral stability
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They only occur between vertebrae of the thoracic spine
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They only occur between every other 2 vertebrae
Question 3
Question
Where will the intervertebral discs be the thickest?
Answer
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The lumbar spine
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The thoracic spine
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The cervical spine
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The sacral spine
Question 4
Question
What is the gel-like centre of the intervertebral disc derived from the notochord in the embryo known as?
Answer
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Nucleus pulposus
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Annulus fibrosus
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Vertebral end plate
Question 5
Question
What is significant about the high water content of the nucleus pulposus?
Answer
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Resists compression
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Allows compression
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Rich in oxygen
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Prevents herniation
Question 6
Question
What type of collagen will you find in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc?
Answer
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Collagen type I
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Collagen type II
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Collagen type IV
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Collagen type X
Question 7
Question
What is the name given to the touch fibrous outer layers of the intervertebral disc?
Answer
-
Annulus fibrosus
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Nucleus pulposus
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Vertebral end plate
Question 8
Question
What type of collagen will you find in the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?
Answer
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Collagen type I
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Collagen type II
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Collagen type V
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Collagen type IX
Question 9
Question
In which region of the intervertebral disc are the layers of the annulus fibrosus more tightly packed?
Question 10
Question
Why does the annulus fibrosus deform relatively slowly to provide shock absorption?
Answer
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Each layer's fibres are oriented differently from the last
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Each layer's fibres are aligned with the last
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The layers are more tightly packed round the outer edge of the disc
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The tissue has high water content to resist compression
Question 11
Question
What is the vertebral end plate?
Answer
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The point of fusion of the intervertebral discs with the vertebrae
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The point of fusion of the nucleus pulposus with the annulus fibrosus
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The point of fusion of two adjacent vertebrae
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The outermost layer of the annulus fibrosus
Question 12
Question
The vertebral end plates are formed from hyaline cartilage.
Question 13
Question
Which part of the intervertebral disc forms a permeable barrier through which water and nutrients may pass?
Answer
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Vertebral end plate
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Annulus fibrosus
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Nucleus pulposus
Question 14
Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the structure of the intervertebral disc.
Question 15
Question
What do we call the expansion of the nucleus pulposus into the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc, causing rupture which can irritate spinal nerves resulting in pain/muscle weakness?
Question 16
Question
As we age, our intervertebral discs become thinner, and with that our total body height and flexibility decreases. Why is this?
Answer
-
Water content of the nucleus pulposus declines
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Collagen breakdown in the annulus fibrosis
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Calcification of the vertebral end plate
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Calcification of the nucleus pulposus
Question 17
Question
Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column extend to and from?
Answer
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Anterior tubercle of the atlas to the upper sacrum
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Mandible to the upper sacrum
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Vertebra prominens to the upper sacrum
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Anterior tubercle of the atlas to the coccyx
Question 18
Question
The anterior longitudinal ligament consists of longitudinal fibres fixed to the intervertebral discs and margins of the vertebral bodies.
Question 19
Question
Which is true of the fibres of the anterior longitudinal ligament?
Answer
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The deepest fibres extend from one vertebra to the next whilst the superficial fibres extend over several vertebrae
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Only one layer of fibres extending over several vertebrae
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Only one layer of fibres extending from one vertebrae to the next
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Fibres oriented in a transverse fashion
Question 20
Question
The anterior longitudinal ligament prevents excess...
Answer
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Flexion
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Extension
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Rotation
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Lateral flexion
Question 21
Question
Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column extend to and from?
Answer
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From the axis to the sacrum
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From the atlas to the sacrum
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From the axis to the coccyx
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From the atlas to the coccyx
Question 22
Question
The posterior longitudinal ligament travels inside the vertebral canal.
Question 23
Question
The ligamentum flavum are a series of short paired ligaments occurring between what?
Answer
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The lamina of adjacent vertebrae
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The peduncles of adjacent vertebrae
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The bodies of adjacent vertebrae
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The spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
Question 24
Question
The ligamentum flavum permits separation of the adjacent vertebrae during flexion but also limits it to prevent injury to the...
Answer
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Intervertebral discs
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Lamina
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Peduncles
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Spinal cord
Question 25
Question
The posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column prevents excess...
Answer
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Flexion
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Extension
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Lateral flexion
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Rotation
Question 26
Question
The supraspinous ligament...
Answer
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Occurs between the spinous processes of the vertebrae
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Connects the apeces of the spinous processes of the vertebrae
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Occurs between the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
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Occurs between the vertebral discs and margins of the vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae
Question 27
Question
What is the nuchal ligament?
Answer
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An expansion of the supraspinous ligament covering C1-C6 spinous processes
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An expansion of the supraspinous ligament covering C1-C7 spinous processes
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An expansion of the intraspinous ligament covering C1-C6 spinous processes
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An expansion of the intraspinous ligament covering C1-C7 spinous processes
Question 28
Question
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the ligaments of the vertebral column.
Answer
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Supraspinous ligament
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Transverse process
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Spinous process
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Ligamentum flavum
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Intraspinous ligament
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Inferior articular process
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Intervertebral disc
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Anterior longitudinal ligament
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Intervertebral foramen
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Posterior longitudinal ligament
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Annulus fibrosus
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Nucleus pulposus
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Vertebral body
Question 29
Question
What type of joints occur between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae?
Question 30
Question
Each facet joint occurring between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae has no outer joint capsule.