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Oncology Final MCQs 1- 5th Year PMU

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Oncology Final MCQs- 5th Year PMU Topics- Epidemiology, Carcinogenesis, CNS Tumors, Malignant head and neck Tumors, Malignant lung diseases, Malignant diseases of the mammary gland
Med Student
Quiz by Med Student , updated more than 1 year ago
Med Student
Created by Med Student over 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
EGF-(R) = [blank_start]Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor) ER = [blank_start]Estrogen Receptor[blank_end] HER = [blank_start]Human Epidermal Receptor[blank_end] HPV = [blank_start]Human PapillomaVirus[blank_end] PR = [blank_start]Progesterone Receptor[blank_end] VEGF (R) = [blank_start]Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor[blank_end] (Receptor) TKI = [blank_start]Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor[blank_end] ALK = [blank_start]Anaplastic lymphoma kinase[blank_end] CRC = [blank_start]Colorectal carcinoma[blank_end] MCA = [blank_start]Monoclonal antibody[blank_end]
Answer
  • Estrogen Receptor
  • Human Epidermal Receptor
  • Human PapillomaVirus
  • Progesterone Receptor
  • Vascular Epidermal Growth Factor
  • Epidermal Growth Factor
  • Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor
  • Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
  • Colorectal carcinoma
  • Monoclonal antibody

Question 2

Question
According to WHO data by 2030, malignancies will be the leading cause of mortality. What place do they occupy now?
Answer
  • third
  • fourth
  • second
  • first

Question 3

Question
Which are the most often occurring tumors in children up to 10 years of age?
Answer
  • neuroblastoma, leukemias, gastrointestinal tumors
  • acute leukemias, brain tumors, Wilms tumor
  • retinoblastoma, nephroblastoma, gastrointestinal tumors
  • lymphomas, leukemias, brain tumors

Question 4

Question
What are the most common neoplasias in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life?
Answer
  • soft tissue tumors, testicular carcinoma
  • mesenchymal tumors, breast cancer
  • gastrointestinal tumors, osteosarcoma
  • lung cancer, head and neck tumors

Question 5

Question
What are the most common neoplasias in the 3rd and 4th decades of life?
Answer
  • female genital tract tumors, male genital tract tumors
  • breast cancer, uterine cancer, CRC
  • lung cancer, breast cancer, CNS tumors
  • head and neck tumors, sarcomas

Question 6

Question
What are the most common neoplasias after the 5th decade of life?
Answer
  • Lung carcinoma, prostate gland carcinoma
  • Tumors of GIT, bladder carcinoma
  • CRC, prostate and lung carcinoma
  • Head and neck tumors, lung cancer

Question 7

Question
There are differences In cancer morbidity and mortality between males and females. What is the gender predominance of CRC and stomach cancer?
Answer
  • Men
  • Women
  • There is no gender predominance
  • Age-based sex division

Question 8

Question
Depending on geographic latitudes there is differential endemic Spread of neoplasms. Gastric carcinoma occurs predominantly in:
Answer
  • USA, Europe, Japan
  • Asia, Europe
  • Latin America, Eastern Europe, Japan
  • Southeast Asia and Africa

Question 9

Question
CRC occurs with the highest frequency in:
Answer
  • Europe
  • Asia
  • The USA
  • Australia and New Zealand

Question 10

Question
Mammary carcinoma is rare in:
Answer
  • The United States, Asia
  • Europe, Latin America
  • Africa, Asia
  • Australia and New Zealand

Question 11

Question
The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with infectious mononucleosis nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. The latter has marked endemic spread:
Answer
  • The Scandinavian countries, Mongolia
  • Malaysia, Uganda, New Guinea
  • Japan, the Philippines
  • Australia and New Zealand

Question 12

Question
What is screening?
Answer
  • testing a group of people for the detection of early-stage cancers
  • examining a group of people when certain symptoms and complaints are present
  • detection of unplanned disease by tests and procedures that can be applied quickly
  • evidence of disease’s initial symptoms

Question 13

Question
What types of cancer screenings are available?
Answer
  • Lung carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast cancer
  • CRC, prostate, stomach
  • Breast cancer, prostate, cervical carcinoma
  • CRC, breast cancer, lung carcinoma

Question 14

Question
Which of the following cancers affect predominantly men
Answer
  • lung, prostate, colorectal carcinoma
  • melanoma, pancreas, lung
  • colon, prostate, melanoma
  • lung, pancreas, brain

Question 15

Question
Which tumors in women confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Answer
  • breast
  • ovary
  • corpus uteri
  • lung

Question 16

Question
Areas with the highest oncological morbidity at present are
Answer
  • Americas
  • Europe
  • Africa
  • Europe and Americas

Question 17

Question
Which tumors in males confer the lowest five-year survival rate?
Answer
  • testicular carcinoma
  • lung cancer
  • prostate cancer
  • colon cancer

Question 18

Question
The most common Malignant tumor in Women is
Answer
  • Mammary Carcinoma
  • Cervical Carcinoma
  • Skin carcinoma
  • Ovarian Carcinoma

Question 19

Question
What is the most accurate definition of carcinogenesis?
Answer
  • The occurrence of mutations in more than one locus leading to the appearance of a transformed cell
  • Multistage and prolonged process leading to transformed cells with subsequent clonal selection and expansion
  • Multistage process of transformation and development of neoplastic clone
  • There is no correct answer

Question 20

Question
Tumorigenesis occurs in three stages
Answer
  • Proliferation, promotion, metastasis
  • Initiation, promotion, proliferation
  • Proliferation, promotion, progression
  • All answers are correct

Question 21

Question
Neoangiogenesis
Answer
  • the ability of cancer cells to metastasize via the blood and to form new vessels
  • uncontrolled growth of tissue that can deliver distant metastasize via the blood and the lymphatics
  • uncontrolled development of tissue with the ability to grow and metastasize by forming new vessels
  • there is no correct answer

Question 22

Question
Key features of the tumor cell are
Answer
  • ability to proliferate, metastasize, form new vessels and the possibility of apoptosis, invasion
  • loss of apoptosis, endless division, invasion and metastasis
  • generates signals for growth and development, ability to form new vessels and metastasize via the blood
  • all answers are correct

Question 23

Question
What is the definition of benign tumors?
Answer
  • varying degrees of cellular and structural differentiation, do not metastasize
  • highly differentiated tumors whose cells resemble those from which they originated
  • a high degree of cell differentiation, the presence of functional activity and metastatic ability
  • answers a+c

Question 24

Question
Which statement about malignant tumors is wrong?
Answer
  • varying degrees of cell differentiation and structural organization
  • cells are organized in monolayers with signs of anaplasia
  • have an infiltrative growth
  • there is no correct answer

Question 25

Question
What is relapse?
Answer
  • a newly emerging tumor
  • the reappearance of a tumor following its surgical removal
  • the appearance of a tumor at the same site as the one removed
  • the appearance of regional lymph nodes

Question 26

Question
Malignant tumors have infiltrative growth, cellular atypism, are encapsulated capsule and have the ability to give regional and distant metastases. This statement is
Answer
  • true
  • untrue
  • incomplete
  • ambiguous

Question 27

Question
Mesenchymal tumors metastasize
Answer
  • Via lymphatics
  • Via blood
  • Canalicularly
  • Intracavitary

Question 28

Question
The tumors of __________ metastasize in Intravascular fashion
Answer
  • lung, stomach, intestine
  • ovaries, uterus, bladder
  • head and neck, lung and prostate
  • there is no correct answer

Question 29

Question
Which of the following statements are characteristic of the cancer cell biology
Answer
  • cellular "immortality"
  • angiogenic ability
  • altogether
  • ability to invade and metastasize

Question 30

Question
Indicate which factors are associated with tumor progression
Answer
  • IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α
  • EGF / R, VEGF / R, HER-2, PDGF
  • OPG, RANK, RANKL
  • a+b

Question 31

Question
Paraneoplastic syndrome is due to
Answer
  • tumor progression
  • ectopic secretion of hormone-like peptides and immune response to the tumor
  • metastasis
  • the intoxication of the organism

Question 32

Question
Which tumors are hormone-dependent in their development
Answer
  • breast carcinoma
  • colon carcinoma
  • endometrial carcinoma
  • all listed

Question 33

Question
Genetic changes leading to carcinogenesis are
Answer
  • Spontaneous mutations in cell cycle regulating genes
  • Mutations in genes regulating the replication and repair of DNA
  • Multiple mutations
  • All answers are correct

Question 34

Question
Characteristics of neoplastic cells are
Answer
  • loss of apoptosis
  • high proliferative potential
  • tendency for invasion
  • each indicated

Question 35

Question
The most common primary brain tumors are
Answer
  • anaplastic astrocytomas
  • glioblastomas
  • oligodendrogliomas
  • there is no true answer

Question 36

Question
The mean survival rate for malignant CNS tumors is
Answer
  • 5-10 months
  • 15-18 months
  • 2 years
  • One year

Question 37

Question
A radical method for the treatment of solitary («3 cm) CNS tumors is
Answer
  • radiotherapy of the brain
  • radiosurgery
  • operative treatment
  • chemotherapy

Question 38

Question
Radiation is an important part of the complex treatment. The total dose of craniotherapy is
Answer
  • 40 Gy
  • 60 Gy
  • 80 Gy
  • There is no true answer

Question 39

Question
Chemotherapy incorporates
Answer
  • Cisplatin
  • Gemcitabine
  • Temozolamide
  • There is no true answer

Question 40

Question
Medulloblastoma is predominantly located in the rear cranial well and occurs most commonly in
Answer
  • The 3rd and 4th decades of life
  • Childhood
  • 2nd and 3rd decade of life
  • Newborns

Question 41

Question
The main methods of diagnosis and follow-up of treatment effect in CNS tumors are
Answer
  • CT and MRI
  • MRI and PET scan
  • CT and PET scan
  • All answers are correct

Question 42

Question
Symptomatic therapy in CNS tumors includes
Answer
  • dexamethasone, tranquilizers, diuretics
  • anxiolytics, diuretics
  • anticonvulsants, diuretics, dexamethasone
  • all answers are correct

Question 43

Question
Brain metastases are yielded most commonly by
Answer
  • Prostate and lung carcinoma
  • Thyroid and gastric carcinoma
  • Carcinoma of the mammary gland and lung carcinoma
  • Kidney and GIT carcinoma

Question 44

Question
Which treatment method will be preferred for solitary brain metastasis
Answer
  • Brachytherapy
  • Percutaneous external irradiation
  • Operational extirpation
  • Radiosurgery

Question 45

Question
Temozolamide used to treat brain tumors belongs to which group of cytostatics based on its mechanism of action
Answer
  • anthracycline
  • antimetabolite
  • an alkylating agent
  • atyrosine kinase inhibitor

Question 46

Question
Methods for the treatment of multiple brain metastases are
Answer
  • surgery
  • radiotherapy
  • chemotherapy
  • b+c

Question 47

Question
List the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure [blank_start]Altered[blank_end] behaviour [blank_start]Blurred vision[blank_end] Feeling less alert than usual [blank_start]Headache[blank_end] Lack of energy or sleepiness [blank_start]Vomiting[blank_end] Weakness or problems with moving or talking
Answer
  • Altered
  • Blurred vision
  • Headache
  • Vomiting

Question 48

Question
Risk factors for head and neck tumors are
Answer
  • chronic etilism, 3rd and 4th decade of life, male Sex, tobacco chewing
  • smoking, systemic use of alcohol and mutation in p53 gene
  • female sex, smoking, alcohol abuse
  • all answers are correct

Question 49

Question
The most common head and neck tumors metastasize
Answer
  • Via lymphatics
  • Via blood
  • Ref. a+b
  • Neighborhood invasion/ local invasion

Question 50

Question
Head and neck tumors occur with the highest frequency at which anatomic sites
Answer
  • The oral cavity
  • Oropharynx
  • Larynx
  • Sinus

Question 51

Question
The characteristic clinical picture includes
Answer
  • pain, fever, soore, difficulty swallowing
  • ulcer. dysphagia, otalgia
  • dysphagia, dyspnoea, swelling in the neck, soor
  • all answers are correct

Question 52

Question
The most common histology of head and neck tumors is
Answer
  • adenocarcinomas
  • epidermoid carcinomas
  • squamous cell carcinomas
  • there is no true answer

Question 53

Question
A leading treatment approach for head and neck tumors is
Answer
  • radiotherapy
  • chemotherapy
  • chemoradiotherapy
  • all answers are correct

Question 54

Question
The most common early radiation reactions are
Answer
  • dysphagia and oropharyngeal mucositis
  • reduced hearing and odinophagia
  • larynx edema
  • a+c

Question 55

Question
Late radiation complications are
Answer
  • trismus, reduced hearing
  • oropharyngeal mucositis and dysphagia
  • radiographic fibrosis
  • a+c

Question 56

Question
The gold standard for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is
Answer
  • surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
  • operative intervention and subsequent radiotherapy
  • combined chemoradiotherapy
  • all the options listed

Question 57

Question
Targeted therapy for head and neck tumors is performed with
Answer
  • Bevacizumab
  • Cetuximab
  • Panitumumab
  • Nivolumab

Question 58

Question
HPV is related to the etiology of
Answer
  • cervical carcinoma
  • anogenital carcinoma
  • head and neck carcinoma
  • all listed

Question 59

Question
Head and neck tumors include neoplasia originating from anatomical locations
Answer
  • salivary glands, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal sinus
  • larynx, pharynx, oral and nasal cavities, parotid gland
  • parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
  • parotid gland, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal sinus

Question 60

Question
Tumors of head and neck are characterized by
Answer
  • increased frequency in Central Asia
  • mainly affect female subjects
  • most common in the western world
  • a+b

Question 61

Question
Complete the term against the relevant definition of premalignant lesions that are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma: [blank_start]Leucoplakia[blank_end] - hyperkeratosis + underlying epithelial hyperplasia [blank_start]Erythroplakia[blank_end] - superficial erythema spots near to normal mucosa due to epithelial dysplasia
Answer
  • Leucoplakia
  • Erythroplakia

Question 62

Question
The therapeutic approach to advanced disease includes
Answer
  • protocols with combined modality (radiochemotherapy)
  • radical surgery
  • administration of platinum-based chemotherapy protocol
  • the combined use of surgery radiotherapy

Question 63

Question
The four major histological types of lung carcinoma are
Answer
  • large cell, squamous, papillary, small cell
  • small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell
  • spinocellular, acinar, small cell, large cell
  • there is no correct answer

Question 64

Question
Which histological type has the worst prognosis?
Answer
  • spinocellular
  • acinar adenocarcinoma
  • small cell
  • there is no true answer

Question 65

Question
What are the principal biomarkers for NSCLC?
Answer
  • EGFR, HER-2
  • K-RAS, HER-2
  • ALK, PDL-1
  • EGFR, ALK, PDL-1

Question 66

Question
The standard for ChTh in radically operated patients with NSCLC is
Answer
  • APCT containing taxane
  • APCT containing cisplatin
  • APCT containing vinorelbine
  • APCT containing anthracyclines

Question 67

Question
Target therapies for NSCLC include
Answer
  • Bevacizumab, Panitumumab, Nivolumab
  • Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Crizotinid
  • Pertuzumab, Cetuximab, Pembrolizumab
  • There is no true answer

Question 68

Question
Malignant Mesothelioma is characterized by (one wrong answer)
Answer
  • The main method of treatment is chemotherapy
  • Origin from the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, testicular envelopes.
  • A causal relationship with exposure to asbestos
  • There are a large percentage of patients with five years of survival

Question 69

Question
Which of the following statements about lung carcinoma is NOT correct
Answer
  • more prominent for developed countries
  • the main cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women
  • there are 2 major histological types - small cell and non-small cell
  • has a high-sensitivity tumor marker for diagnosis

Question 70

Question
Which of the following statements for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) compared to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is true
Answer
  • SCLC is more radiosensitive
  • SCLC is less chemosensitive
  • SCLC is more likely to have a peripheral localization in the lung
  • Tendency towards early and rapid metastasis

Question 71

Question
73 years old man has an increasing pain in the lumbar segment of the spine, more pronounced at bedtime. From the history - a long-standing hypertonic; sometimes smokes 1-2 cigarettes a week. Physical status is normal. Laboratory studies have found elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. From radiograph of the lumbar segment - a lytic bone lesion of the third lumbar vertebra. Which of the following cancers is the most likely diagnosis:
Answer
  • carcinoma of the stomach
  • non-small cell lung carcinoma
  • sarcoidosis
  • mesothelioma

Question 72

Question
Immunotherapy in lung carcinoma is performed with
Answer
  • BCG vaccine
  • Immunomodulators
  • Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab
  • There is no true answer

Question 73

Question
Pulmonary carcinoma metastasizes most often in
Answer
  • liver
  • pleura and mediastinal lymph nodes
  • brain
  • bones

Question 74

Question
The recommended behavior of a General Practitioner in a patient with a blood clot is
Answer
  • Follow-up for one month
  • X-ray and consultation with a pneumologist no later than two weeks
  • CT scan
  • X-ray and surgery referral

Question 75

Question
What is the significance of EGFR expression Studies, KRAS mutation and ALK in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Answer
  • They are prognostic markers for survival
  • Reference markers for surgery
  • EGFR-TKI response markers
  • Possibility for personalized treatment

Question 76

Question
Which factors are not carcinogens for lung cancer
Answer
  • Smoking
  • Radiation
  • A diet rich in fat
  • Avitaminoses

Question 77

Question
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is
Answer
  • Symptom of Peak Lung Cancer Symptom
  • Complication of radiotherapy
  • Paraneoplastic syndrome in lung carcinoma
  • Paraneoplastic syndrome in ovarian cancer

Question 78

Question
Contemporary molecular genetic tests on lung cancer biopsy specimen include
Answer
  • EGFR mutation
  • PDF
  • ALK
  • All answers are correct

Question 79

Question
Peripheral lung lesions suspect for carcinoma are indicated for further diagnostic testing with
Answer
  • Surgical resection
  • Transthoracal needle biopsy
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Mediastinoscopy

Question 80

Question
For pleural effusion suspicious of lung carcinoma indicated is
Answer
  • X-ray and consultation with a pulmonologist
  • VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopy) with a biopsy
  • Magnetic resonance tomography
  • Positron emission tomography

Question 81

Question
Palliative therapy in lung cancer is
Answer
  • associated with a high risk of fatal toxicity
  • associated with increased life expectancy at reduced quality of life
  • followed by a 1 year life expectancy at improved quality of life
  • does not change life expectancy

Question 82

Question
Which statement is true for Luminous type A?
Answer
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, low Ki 67
  • ER PR- positive, HER2-positive, low Ki 67
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
  • There is no correct answer

Question 83

Question
Which statement is wrong for Luminous Type B?
Answer
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative, high Ki 67
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- overexpression, regardless of Ki 67
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- positive, low Ki 67
  • No wrong answer

Question 84

Question
In non-luminous type we observe?
Answer
  • ER, PR- negative, HER2- overexpression
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2-positive, Ki 67 low
  • ER, PR- positive, HER2- negative
  • There is no correct answer

Question 85

Question
Genetic mutations in breast carcinoma are
Answer
  • BRCA 1, BRCA 2
  • BRCA1, BRCA2, p53
  • ALK, PDL 1
  • All listed

Question 86

Question
Standard treatment for luminal type A breast carcinoma includes
Answer
  • chemotherapy
  • hormone therapy
  • hormone therapy +/- chemotherapy at positive lymph nodes
  • there is no true answer

Question 87

Question
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2 negative breast carcinoma includes
Answer
  • chemotherapy
  • hormone therapy
  • hormone therapy +/- chemotherapy
  • all answers are correct

Question 88

Question
Standard treatment for luminal type B HER 2-positive breast carcinoma includes
Answer
  • chemotherapy, anti-HER 2 therapy
  • chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER 2 therapy
  • hormone therapy, chemotherapy
  • there is no true answer

Question 89

Question
Treatment in triple negative breast carcinoma includes
Answer
  • chemotherapy
  • hormone therapy
  • chemotherapy + hormone therapy
  • chemotherapy, hormone therapy, anti- HER2

Question 90

Question
Specify the standard treatment algorithm for breast cancer T2N1M0 without hormonal expression
Answer
  • PCT, surgery, radiotherapy
  • Surgery, PCT, radiotherapy
  • Radiotherapy, surgery, PCT
  • The three answers are correct

Question 91

Question
Specify the main tumor marker for diagnosis of breast cancer
Answer
  • CEA
  • CA 15-3
  • HGT
  • CA 19-9

Question 92

Question
The biological characteristic of the "triple-negative" breast cancer requires (choose one wrong answer)?
Answer
  • maximum severity of therapeutic behavior
  • hormonal therapy
  • strict monitoring due to the risk of early relapse and metastasis
  • affects younger women

Question 93

Question
Indicate which target drugs are used in HER positive breast cancer
Answer
  • Avastin, Panitumumab, Cetuximab
  • Herceptin, Lapatinib, Perjeta
  • Tarceva, Iressa, Avastin
  • Herceptin, Nivolumab, Crisotinib

Question 94

Question
A method of early detection (screening) of breast cancer is
Answer
  • Echography
  • Mammography in 2 projections
  • CT
  • MRI

Question 95

Question
The default markers for breast cancer are
Answer
  • The total CEA and CA 15-3
  • HER, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki 67
  • Total CEA and CA 125
  • Serum alkaline phosphatase and LDH

Question 96

Question
In which % of cases the breast cancer has a genetic predisposition
Answer
  • 5%
  • 10%
  • 25%
  • 40%

Question 97

Question
Triple-negative breast cancer belong to which of the listed histological groups?
Answer
  • Luminal A
  • Luminal B
  • Basal-like
  • "Normal" -like

Question 98

Question
A recommended age group to start screening for early detection of breast carcinoma is
Answer
  • women over 60 years of age
  • women over 50 years of age
  • women aged 50-69
  • family-related women, regardless of age

Question 99

Question
All of these factors are associated with a decreased risk of developing breast cancer except for
Answer
  • Negative history of breastfeeding
  • First pregnancy before 18 years of age
  • Men after 15 years of age
  • Natural menopause before 42 years of age

Question 100

Question
Which of the following features is associated with an unfavorable prognosis for breast carcinoma
Answer
  • ER+
  • Low proportion of S-phase cells
  • Overexpression of erbB2 (HER-2)
  • PR+
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