Question 1
Question
What is the following structure called?
Question 2
Question
The primitive streak is indicative of gastrulation occuring.
Question 3
Question
The ectoderm gives rise to...
Answer
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Enamel
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Epidermis
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Nervous system
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Cardiovascular system
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Respiratory system
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Gastrointestinal system
Question 4
Question
The mesoderm gives rise to...
Answer
-
Cardiovascular system
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Muscle
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Connective tissue
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Epidermis
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Urinary system
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Gastrointestinal tract
Question 5
Question
The endoderm gives rise to...
Answer
-
Respiratory system
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Gastrointestinal tract
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Urinary system
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Cardiovascular system
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Epidermis
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Nervous system
Question 6
Question
The notochord forms from the notochordal plate in a cranial to caudal sequence.
Question 7
Question
What substances does the primitive node release?
Question 8
Question
The function of NODAL is...
Answer
-
Maintains the primitive streak
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Stimulates skin formation from the ectoderm
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Stimulates cranial structure and nervous system development
Question 9
Question
The function of BMP4 is...
Answer
-
Maintains the primitive streak
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Stimulates skin formation from the ectoderm
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Stimulates cranial structure and nervous system development
Question 10
Question
The function of Noggin is...
Answer
-
Maintains the primitive streak
-
Stimulates skin formation from the ectoderm
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Stimulates cranial structure and nervous system development
Question 11
Question
Neurulation is folding of the neural plate which continues until formation of a neural tube. The closure disconnects the neural crest from the ectoderm, also forming neural crest cells.
Question 12
Question
The notochord releases BMP that patterns the ventral side of the neural tube which gives the precursor to the motor neurones of the ventral spinal cord
Question 13
Question
Neural crest cells are formed when the neural tube closes and detaches from the ectoderm. Give some examples of where they may migrate and what structures develop.
Question 14
Question
Spina Bifida is caused by failure of the neural tube to close.
Question 15
Question
NODAL helps to establish internal asymmetry.
Question 16
Question
Mutations in SHH leads to lack of bilateral symmetry and development of conditions like cyclopsia.
Question 17
Question
Hox genes control body segmentation; essentially determining what section of the body will become what particular limb etc.
Question 18
Question
The visceral layer of the lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to what structure?
Answer
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GI tract
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Muscle
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Heart
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Lungs
Question 19
Question
The parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to what structures?
Question 20
Question
The intermediate mesoderm gives rise to what structure?
Question 21
Question
The paraxial mesoderm differentiates into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. What will the dermatome become?
Answer
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Dermis
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Muscle
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Tendon
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Cartilage
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Bone
Question 22
Question
The paraxial mesoderm differentiates into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. What will the myotome become?
Answer
-
Dermis
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Muscle
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Tendon
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Cartilage
-
Bone
Question 23
Question
The paraxial mesoderm differentiates into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. What will the sclerotome become?
Answer
-
Dermis
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Muscle
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Tendon
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Cartilage
-
Bone
Question 24
Question
What structures may the pharyngeal pouches give rise to?
Answer
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Palatine tonsils
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Parathyroid gland
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Thymus gland
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Thyroid gland
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Cricoid cartilage
Question 25
Question
Neural crest cells migrate to the pharyngeal arches. Failure of migration can lead to conditions such as spina bifida.
Question 26
Question
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 1st pharyngeal arch?
Question 27
Question
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
Question 28
Question
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?
Answer
-
Stylopharyngeus
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Hyoid
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Styloid process
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Thyroid cartilage
Question 29
Question
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 4th pharyngeal arch?
Question 30
Question
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 6th pharyngeal arch?
Question 31
Question
The medial nasal prominences fuse to form the secondary palate.
Question 32
Question
The maxillary prominences fuse to form the secondary palate.