Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Of the 5 cell types of adipose tissue, which are counted as the “stromal vascular fraction”?
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What proportion of the volume of adipose tissues is taken up by Adipocytes (as opposed to Fibroblasts, Preadipocytes, Vascular endothelial cells, Immune cells)?
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What is the effect of Insulin on each of the following things within Adipose tissue?
Glucose uptake: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Fatty Acid synthesis: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Fatty Acid storage: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Protein synthesis: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Fatty Acid release: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Stimulate
-
Inhibit
-
Stimulate
-
Inhibit
-
Stimulate
-
Inhibit
-
Stimulate
-
Inhibit
-
Stimulate
-
Inhibit
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Adipocytes make triglycerides from which of the following:
Respuesta
-
Glucose
-
Fatty Acids
-
Cholesterol
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Adipocytes release adipokines like Leptin. Leptin is an example of which of the following:
Respuesta
-
Lipids
-
Hormones
-
Peptides
-
Cytokines
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Adipokines include which of the following:
Respuesta
-
Lipids
-
Hormones
-
Peptides
-
Cytokines
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Adipokines have been shows to influence which of the following:
Respuesta
-
Metabolism
-
Food intake
-
Energy expenditure
-
Inflammation
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
True or false: Adipokines are secreted from adipocytes, but can also be secreted from other sites.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which gene is missing in the obese “OB” mouse?
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Leptin is released from the adipose tissue, then communicates with the [blank_start]__________[blank_end] to [blank_start]__________[blank_end]/[blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
True or false: Most obese people are Leptin-deficient.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Define Lipodystrophy:
Respuesta
-
LACK of fat (in adipose tissue)
-
EXCESS of fat (in adipose tissue)
-
DISRUPTION of function of fat (in adipose tissue)
-
EXCESSIVE function of fat (in adipose tissue)
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Leptin is a key hormone released from adipose tissue and is involved in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] metabolism in the WHOLE BODY.
Respuesta
-
Glucose
-
Lipid
-
Neither
-
Both
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
True or false: Leptin therapy is a promising mode of treatment for most obese patients.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
True or false: Leptin therapy is a promising mode of treatment for patients with Type 1 Diabetes.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
True or false: Leptin therapy is a promising mode of treatment for patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The adipokine Adiponectin is one of the most highly secreted proteins in our blood. Its secretion is generally [blank_start]__________[blank_end] in obesity.
Respuesta
-
Reduced
-
Increased
-
Unaffected
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
[blank_start]__________[blank_end] acts to stimulate AMP-kinase to increase β-oxidation [and] increase glucose uptake into the cell.
Respuesta
-
Adiponectin
-
Leptin
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
True or false: In addition to being stimulated by some adipokines, AMP-kinase is also regulated by exercise, to stimulate energy expenditure within a cell.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia (with a view on adipocytes)
Hypertrophy = increase in [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
Hyperplasia = increase in [blank_start]__________[blank_end].
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
True or false: Ectopic Lipid Accumulation is the “spill over” when adipocytes reach saturation and lipids start getting into other tissues (e.g. muscle, liver) where it causes metabolic dysfunction.
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
True or false: Lipodystrophy is the “spill over” when adipocytes reach saturation and lipids start getting into other tissues (e.g. muscle, liver) where it causes metabolic dysfunction.
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the two distributions are more strongly associated with metabolic disease?
“Android” distribution – more around the upper body;
“Gynoid” distribution – more around the lower body.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
True or false: BMI = Body Mass Index; WHR = Waist-Hip Ratio
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Someone with a higher upper-body fat distribution will need to __________ in order to maintain homeostasis.
Respuesta
-
Secrete MORE insulin
-
Secrete LESS insulin
-
Absorb MORE insulin
-
Absorb LESS insulin
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
True or false: Chronic inflammation often correlates with obesity because there’s increased migration of macrophages into the ADIPOSE tissue.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of the following are associated with [adipose] hypertrophy and [adipose] hyperplasia?
Respuesta
-
Hypoxia
-
Fibrosis
-
Inflammation