Pregunta 1
Pregunta
If Resorption < Formation:
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of the following are bone mass determinants:
Respuesta
-
Genetics
-
Age
-
Mechanical loading
-
Protein intake
-
Calcium intake
-
Vitamin D
-
Sex steroids
-
Vitamin C
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Sclerostin is released by which of the following?
Respuesta
-
Osteocytes
-
Osteoblasts
-
Osteoclasts
-
Lining Cells
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Sclerostin __________ Wnt signalling in Osteoblasts/Osteocytes
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
With deformity of bone (on loading), sclerostin secretion:
Pregunta 6
Respuesta
-
SclerOSTin
-
Stimulated by OSTeocyte
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Obligatory urine Calcium loss is [blank_start]__________[blank_end] mg/d (although [blank_start]__________[blank_end] after menopause).
Respuesta
-
150-200
-
1000
-
25
-
300
-
More
-
Less
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Recommended daily allowance for calcium changes according to age, but broadly mostly around:
Respuesta
-
1000
-
70
-
150-200
-
700
-
2000
-
1500-2000
-
25
-
300
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Vitamin D [blank_start]__________[blank_end] gut Calcium absorption:
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
A non-Calcium-rich diet will usually have approximately [blank_start]__________[blank_end] mg/d Calcium. This is [blank_start]__________[blank_end]% of recommended intake.
Respuesta
-
300
-
1000
-
150-200
-
30
-
15-20
-
25
-
100
-
70
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
True or false: Exposure to the sun is [normally] our main source of Vitamin D.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
True or false: Diet is [normally] our main source of Vitamin D.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What’s the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?
Respuesta
-
1000IU (25μg)
-
25IU (1000μg)
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following accelerates Vitamin D degradation?
Respuesta
-
Some medications
-
LOW Calcium intake
-
HIGH Calcium intake
-
HIGH PTH
-
LOW PTH
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following groups are commonly associated with increased risk of Vitamin D deficiency?
Respuesta
-
Geriatric admissions to hospital
-
Dark-skinned people, especially with modest dress
-
Obese people
-
Fair skinned people with severe tan
-
Fair skinned people who avoid sun because of skin cancer risk
-
Office workers
-
Night shift workers
-
Farmers
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
In a study of 100 office workers in Sydney, sunscreen users had [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Vitamin D levels compared to non-users.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
How does Vitamin D help bone health?
Respuesta
-
Increases gut Calcium absorption
-
Facilitates bone mineralisation
-
Important for muscle function
-
Permits release of bone stores of Calcium
-
It doesn’t
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased bone turnover. Severe Vitamin D deficiency leads [primarily] to?
Respuesta
-
Osteomalacia
-
Osteoporosis
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Adequate levels of [blank_start]__________[blank_end] are needed to maximise Calcium absorption and [blank_start]__________[blank_end] ParaThyroid Hormone (PTH).
Respuesta
-
25OHD
-
25HD
-
25OD
-
2OH5D
-
20O5HD
-
Suppress
-
Increase
Pregunta 20
Respuesta
-
25(OH) vitamin D
-
1,25(OH) vitamin D
-
1,25(OH)2 vitamin D
-
25(OH)2 vitamin D
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Severe CALCIUM deficiency can lead to:
Respuesta
-
Osteoporosis
-
Osteomalacia
-
Rickets
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Severe VITAMIN D deficiency can lead to Osteomalacia/Rickets. Are they the same thing?
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following helps to maintain normal balance between bone formation and resorption:
Respuesta
-
Androgens
-
Oestrogens
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
True or False: Oestrogens help to keep bone cells alive.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
True or False: Androgens help to keep bone cells alive.
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
True or false: Anorexia leads to weak bones solely through nutrient deficiency.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Glucocorticoids (Cortisone etc) are catabolic at pharmacologic doses. Where does each manifestation occur?
↓ Calcium absorption in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
↑ Calcium losses in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
↓ IGF-1 in the [blank_start]__________[blank_end];
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Protein intake helps:
Respuesta
-
Bone function
-
Muscle function
-
Both of the above
-
Neither of the above
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
If a diet contains inadequate Calcium to replace urinary losses, what happens?
Respuesta
-
Raid bones for Calcium
-
Nothing