20408532
Descripción
Test por Med Student , actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Med Student
hace casi 5 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Placebo is
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allergic drug reaction
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drug form, without active substance
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method for treatment of acute pain
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drug tolerance
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Tobacco smoking
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increases drugs metabolism
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decreases drug metabolism
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decreases plasma concentrations of methylxanthines
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doesn’ t change drugs metabolism
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Nocebo effect is
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Allergic drug reaction
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Analgesic method
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Adverse drug reaction, caused by placebo
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CNS depression
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
When patient and doctor are aware of the contents of the formulation, the trial is defined as
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open trial
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blind trial
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placebo trial
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double-blind trial
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Surrogates in rational pharmacotherapy are
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clinical- laboratory indexes
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instrumental investigations - ECG; EMG; MRT etc
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disease improvement
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decreased mortality rate
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Pharmacodynamic changes in elderly are
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increased sensitivity to drugs suppressing central nervous system
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decreased sensitivity to drugs suppressing central nervous system
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paradoxal reactions are observed
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adverse drug reactions are more frequent
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Steady-state plasma concentration is
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blood concentration of the drug 2 hours after administration
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blood concentration of the drug after repeated administration when there is a balance between absorption and excretion
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blood concentration of the drug after it has been ceased
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blood concentration of the drug during its absorption
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Drugs half-life is an index for
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the route of administration of the drug
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the duration of the drug effect when there is a relationship between it and plasma concentrations
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time to reach steady-state plasma concentration after repeated administration
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determination of dose interval
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Drugs contraindicated in the first half of pregnancy are
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Erythromycin
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Sex steroids
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Penicillins
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Oral anticoagulants
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
For pharmacokinetics in elderly is true
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decreased excretion
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decreased metabolism
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decreased volume of distribution
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increased volume of distribution
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Reasons for inadequate pharmaceutical availability are
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chronic renal failure
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improper use of the drug formulation
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bad quality of the drug substance
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participating in treatment
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Categories of ADRs are
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certain
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probable
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possible
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unlikely
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Therapeutic drug monitoring is
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method for neuroleptanalgesy
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used when there is relationship between plasma concentrations and drug effect
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used for drugs with narrow therapeutic window
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used for drugs with long half- live
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Irrational ready-made drug formulations contain
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drugs with different half-life
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drugs for ethiotropic and symptomatic treatment
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drugs with narrow therapeutic window
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drugs affecting different pathogenic mechanisms
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
First phase of clinical trial can be determinated as
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first application of a new substance to healthy volunteers
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first application of a new substance to patients
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efficacy and safety in a large number of patients
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post-marketing surveillance in thousands of patients
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Binding of drugs with plasma proteins is important for
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half- life
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drugs interactions
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bioavailabillity
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the value of the pharmacological effect
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions lead to
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increased pharmacological effect
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decreased risk of toxicity
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decreased efficacy of the treatment
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developement of unpredictable drug effects
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Bad compliance of the patient may be due to
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dose regimen with many drugs with frequent administration
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a large number of drugs
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lack of information for the treatment
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the drug must be taken once daily
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Fourth phase of clinical trial can be determinated as
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first application of a new substance to healthy volunteers
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first application of a new substance to patients
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efficacy and safety in a large number of patients
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post-marketing surveillance in thousands of patients
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Drugs clearance is
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Amount of drug, that reaches systemic circulation
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Blood plasma volume from which the drug is eliminated for defined period of time
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Steady- state plasma concentration
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Withdrawal syndrome
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Monitoring of therapeutic plasma concentrations is necessary for
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theophyllin
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phenobarbital
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carbamazepin
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amoxicillin
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Third phase of clinical trial can be determinated as
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first application of a new substance to healthy volunteers
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first application of a new substance to patients
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efficacy and safety in a large number of patients
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post-marketing surveillance in thousands of patients
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Clearance is an index for
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drugs excretion
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determination of mantaining dose of the drugs
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drugs absorbtion
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effects of the drugs on the heart
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Pharmacogenetic differences lead to
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decreased effect
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increased effect
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development of adverse drug reactions
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avitaminosis
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Drug surveillance is done by
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spontaneous reporting
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observation studies
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family doctors
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population statistics
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions are the following types
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augmented
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bizarre
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chronic
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delayed
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Mechanisms of drug interactions are
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unpredictable
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pharmacokinetic
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pharmacodynamic
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pharmaceutical
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The quality of therapeutic decision (outcomes) can be measured by
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clinical outcomes
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costs — direct and indirect
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functional status pf patient
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overall patient satisfaction
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Method of evaluation of cost/benefits ration are
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cost minimization analysis
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cost effectiveness analysis
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cost utility analysis
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cost consequence analysis
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Drug metabolism involving some enzyme defects includes the following reactions
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acetylation
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oxidation
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hydrolysis
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red cells enzyme defects
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The reasons for drug abuse are
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relief of anxiety, tension and depression
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entertainment, fun
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improvement of performance in competitive sports
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conformity with own social subgroup
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
How many types of dependence do you know?
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psychological
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physical (physiological)
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acute
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chronic
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which pharmacological drug groups cause drug dependence and tolerance?
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Opioid analgesics
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Antidepressants
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CNS stimulants
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Benzodiazepines
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The neuropharmacological mechanisms of drug addiction are
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activation of endogenous opiate encephalin receptors
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activation of μ-opioid receptors in the brain
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activation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1) in the hypothalamus
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increase of glutamate release in the brain cortex
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome is characterized by
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it develops after 6-weeks of treatment
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it develops after 2 weeks of treatment
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psychological symptoms — anxiety, agitation, insomnia, seizures
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physical symptoms — nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, ataxia
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Opioid (heroin, morphine) withdrawal syndrome is characterized by
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begins 8 hours after last dose
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the peak is between 36-72 h
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first physical symptoms are lacrimation, rhinorrhea and sweating
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abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, bone and muscle pain, weakness and chills
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Why is methadone used for treatment of opioid-dependence?
Respuesta
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it is taken orally
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it is applied intravenously
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has prolonged action
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has short-action
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